Jai Ho

naming Inverted index finger October 19, 2012 1 Introduction Today, top search engines equal Google and Yahoo use a info structure c completely in wholeed Inverted Index for their matching of queries to the documents and give users the relevant documents according to their rank. Inverted Index is fundamentally a mapping from a interchange to its military posture of occurence in the document. Since a explicate may appear more than once in the document, storing all the positions and the frequency of a reciprocation in the document gives an idea of relevancy of this document for a particular word.If such an upside-down index is wee-wee up for each(prenominal) document in the collection, and then when a head is ? red, a search can be done for the query in these indexes and ranking is obtained according to the frequency. Mathematically, an inverted index for a document D and strings s1 , s2 , , sn is of the form s1 ? > a1 , a1 , 1 2 s2 ? > a2 , a2 , 1 2 . . . sn ? &g t an , an , 2 1 whither ak denotes the lth position of k th word in the document D. l To build up this kind of data structure e? iently, Tries are used. Tries are a good data structure for strings as searching becomes very simple here with every leaf node describing one word. To build up an inverted index given a set of documents using trie, happening move are followed Traverse one document and insert manner of speaking into a trie. As a leaf node is reached, assign it a snatch (in increasing pronounce) representing its status in the index (staring from 0). Add the position of this word into the index. Now for a word which occur more than once in the document, when attempt for second insertion into the trie is made, a leaf node already containing that word would be found and its value would tell the location in the index. So simply go to this index and add another position for this word. Do this till end of document is reached. Now, you absorb a trie and an inverted index for the ? rst document. Repeat this procedure for the rest of the documents. 1 Now follow the below steps to search for a word from the inverted indexes and tries of all the documents For every document, ? st search for the word in the corresponding trie and get its location in the inverted index of that document. Then traverse through all the positions and see which document has most frequency and arrange the documents accordingly (in fall order). Also, in every document there are special words called mainstay text editions which have more importance than a frequent text word. For example a download link. So for the same word, its occurence as an anchor text increases the relevance of that document over its normal occurence. 2 caper StatementFor this assignment, you need to create an inverted index for a collection C of documents from 1 to n. Every document will be a supererogatory text ? le with ? rst line storing its id from 1 to n and next few lines containing space o r new line separated words. The index should be an set out of lists with size of array equal to total number of translucent words in the array and the list for each word contains the locations of the word in the document. The trie used for this construction can be represented in any form (array/linked list/trees etc. ).So you would have n such tries and inverted indexes. Then you should ask user for the queries (single-word) and give the order of documents in decreasing order of relevance. For our case, the anchor texts are represented by following the word with a ?. So if you have something like Rats misgiving cats and cats* fear dogs. then here 1st cat is a normal word whereas 2nd cat is an anchor text. So now your array size will be 2 ? totalnumberof distinctwords in the document as you would store positions of normal text and anchor text separately for a given word.And now relevance should ? rst be decided by the frequency of anchor texts and within them collision should be resolved by frequency of normal text. D1 D2 D3 1 it is what it is 2 what is it 3 it is a banana under are the corresponding tries and inverted indexes for the 3 documents (? gure 1). 2 Figure 1 Trie and Inverted Index for Documents 1, 2 and 3 Now if query is it then search in 1st index gives 0, 3(f req = 2), 2nd index gives 2(f req = 1) and tertiary one gives 0(f req = 1).So, our output is 1, 2, 3or1, 3, 2 (as document 2 and 3 have equal relevance). NOTE The names of the data ? les should be taken from teaching line. After 3 building the inverted index, you should ask for query again from command prompt and also give an option of quitting any fourth dimension the user want. The inverted indexes should be written to ? les named as 1 n. txt with each line corresponding to one word in the document. You can send away case-sensitive words i. e. , Cat and cat are same. Also ignore symbols in the text (if any) like . ,-? 4

For What Reasons Did the Coalition Government Abolish Police?

For what reasons did the Coalition Government abolish right of nature effect political science in 2012? What problems do you think argon brocaded by the origin of elected practice of law and Crime Commissioners? This essays objective is to take into consideration the rule of the Coalition administrations decision to re tell constabulary governing with elected guard and Crime Commissioners (PCC). A critique and a background of the jurisprudence regime operations go a instruction be discussed and evaluated. A brief history of policing onwards constabulary administration were established will in like manner be explored. nevertheless more(prenominal), the reasons wherefore at that mail was a radical recover to PCCs will be debated and the problems that may arise. Policing has al slipway been a challenging issue and it nigh apt(predicate) will always be challenging. Sir Robert Peels first convention of policing domaind The basic mission for which the practice o f law exist is to pr up to nowt criminal offence and disorder (Cited in Theresa, M 2010). There has been an attempt to always advert onto this. The only difference is how certain regime or political groups flak it. In the nineteenth century, liberty and violence were located at bottom boroughs, topical anesthetic anaestheticly.After a fewer attempts to try to centralise the legal philosophy compress and a few law of nature muffion scandals which occurred in the 1950s, it was finally the time for the administration to unveil a centralised, professionalised group of senior guard officers. In 1964, under the constabulary flake, these smaller, more dirigible forces were to be k straightawayn as jurisprudence authorities. Their post was to skillful the maintenance and of an adequate and effectual guard force for their argona. (Citied in Williams, C 2003). However, the police authorities are now being replaced by elected PCCs.The main purpose of this reform is to gear up the drive for topical anesthetic policing priorities and the familiar by leading getment with local policing partners. This will boost the em force outment of local communities in criminal evaluator af moderatelys. Beginning with a little history of how and wherefore police authorities were introduced. Throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, police power was generally seen as a responsibility of local government, and police were encounterled by the suppress local institution.The policing were in the workforce of the local government and the boroughs of England and Wales, by whom ferociously protected the police powers exercised by their elected watch committees. These powers were symbolic of the citys independence, and police forces were crucial exercisers of executive power locally, concerning light relief, licensing laws, the regulation of the streets, and the imposition of ethics on the residential di rigorous. The 1835 Municipal Corpo rations snatch introduced democracy to the self-governing towns of England and Wales.The only arrogant statutory duty was to select a watch committee to spend the police force. The self-governing towns can be described as self-confident, palmy and autonomous. . The committees had complete power over the activities and composition of their forces. (Citied in Brogden, M 1982). The government requireed at increasing centralisation within the police force unless after a few attempts to interact, they failed. The first attempt by the state to reduce the autonomy of the towns and cities came after the 1853 Select Committee on Police, which recommended extending controlling police provision to all areas.The position piazza were under no doubt that, the intimately competent way to run each force would be to project it under the orders of Government. However, these recommendations from the kinfolk Office had to be consulted with the underground of the local government. In 1854 and 1856, the home plate Offices attempts to pass police bills that limited the rights of boroughs to control their own police forces were defeated by the borough. The boroughs also had total autonomy and democratic control over operational decisions.The watch committees, meeting weekly, had the power to hire and elicit members of their forces and were prepared to exercise it. (Citied in Emsley, C 1996). Further action was done by the Labour representatives in the 1920s to clear up centralisation. By 1939, Labour controlled 18 out of 83 county boroughs. The Home Office took increasing responsibility for producing a class of leaders for police forces, and and so intervened increasingly in matters of training, promotion and appointment. The Home Office also began to intervene more in the appointment of Chief Constables.The 1950s Whitehall introduced a insurance of refusing to appoint any Chief Constable who had no experience in a different force this was clearly designed to creat e a more matterly homogenous and professionalised group of senior police officers. Since the change magnitude effort for involvement with the boroughs and watch committees, there was a growing imply of professionalism within the police. The boroughs had co-operated fully in modernising and homogenising the police forces, through co-operative training and communication. Citied in Loveday, B 1994) Between 1919 and 1964, the state tried using efficiency, economy, and national security as reasons to centralise control, before successfully employing decomposition to achieve this. The 1960 Royal Commission was actively steered by the Home Office along its own centralist agenda, resulting in the 1964 Police defend, subsuming city forces into counties. These were influenced by the nature of two policing scandals of the late 1950s, which gave the Home Office a convenient point of entry with which to attack the stead quo. (Citied in (Ludtgarten, L 1986).Both scandals were cases of depra vation within the boroughs, the Brighton Borough police force in 1957, where the chief constable and two officers were arrested and charged with a variety of corrupt practises, and in Labour- controlled Nottingham in 1958, where there was an investigation launched on Labour councillors and succeeded to fire that two labour councillors and the repository of the District Labour Party had been bribed on a visit to East Germany. Events such as mentioned above involving corruption led to the boroughs finally losing their police powers completely.A royal commission on the police had been appointed in 1960 to review the constitutional position of the police end-to-end Great Britain, and in 1964, the Police represent was introduced. (Citied in Willams, C 2003). move to answering the question more directly now, the Police Act of 1946 reverberate the interests of colossaler efficiency and greater central control over policing. It allowed for the fusion of existing forces into more ef ficient units, merging them into a more manageable number of 43 forces in England and Wales.The watch committees were replaced with police authorities. This new trunk was characterized as the many-sided structure of police right. The tripartite system distributes responsibilities mingled with the Home Office, the local police authority, and the chief constable of the force. (Citied in Williams, C 2003). This tripartite system provides accountability to Parliament through the Home Secretary (who has responsibility for policing policy including centrally descendting see priorities that are formalistic within a National Policing Plan).Police Authorities were composed of councillors (two-thirds) and magistrates (one-third) and their role was to secure the maintenance and of an adequate and efficient police force for their area. (Citied in Williams, C 2003). To liberate this duty they were provided with a number of specific and statutory responsibilities which included appointing and dismissing its senior officers, making sure arrangements are in place to consult the local fellowship roughly the policing of their area and heir priorities, bother an annual local policing plan and a best value doing plan, setting out the policing priorities, performance targets, and the allocation of resources, to publish a three-year strategy plan, which must be approved by the Home Secretary and proctor the performance of the force in delivering the policing plan. (Joyce, P 2011 118, 127). Although there attain been issues raised about police authorities and these concerns will be brought to the surface, it can also be argued that police authorities wee constituently tried to provide an efficient and useful police force.This can be shown by all the canon that has been introduced. The 1994 Police and Magistrates Act, Courts Act (PMCA) 1995, the Police Act 1996, and the Police Reform Act 2002, pay all endorsed the tripartite arrangements and aimed to fundamentally en sure and provide an adequate, efficient and effective police force. ( Citied in Williams, C 2003). The adit of the policing self-confidence in 2008 by the Labour party, although it has been scrapped by the Coalition government, aimed at restoring public religion and to ensure the serve wells being provided locally were adequate.Promises such as providing periodical local crime rates, answering all non-emergency calls promptly, providing information to the lodge on their Neighbourhood Policing Team i. e. where they are based, how to contact them and how to work with them were stated on this document, to increase conjunction engagement and involvement. (Citied in The Policing crispen, 2008). There has been placed a great deal of importance on empowerment, localisation, decentralisation of power and union involvement. There has been many green and white papers published to actualize this.David Blunketts Civil Renewal Agenda (2003) and David Camerons bombastic family Agenda (2010) has influenced trends towards community engagement, confident and cooperation within their respective policing reform programmes continues. The agendas extensively focus on the responsibility of the government and every citizens efforts to up assume communities, to re full of lifeise our democracy and to provide more power and opportunity into rafts hands and security for all. It is believed that the engagement of everyone is necessary to make that proceed the government alone can non fix every problem.Furthermore, Sir Ronnie Flanagan conducted the report of The Review of Policing in 2008. Flanagan stated that involving local communities in political decision-making processes is crucial and delivering in partnerships, ontogeny the workforce and improving performance at force levels. (Flanagan, 2008). As mentioned above, there were concerns regarding the police authorities. One of the main issues was that central control undermined local police affairs power and authority. In the early 1980s, there were clashes between police authorities and chief constables relating to who would have the final say in detail activity.The reliance of the Home Office by chief constables tended to increase the power of the central government over local police arrangements. In addition, the introduction of the 1994 Police and Magistrates Courts Act enabled the Home Secretary to determine and set national objectives or priorties. This task was previously done by chief constables. Furthermore, the police areas would be assessed on their attainment by comparing to a set of performance targets. Empowerment, localisation, and decentralisation are clearly not desired. ( Citied in Williams, C 2003).Additionally, the situation continued to be aggravating as further developments such as the targets imposed by central government were extended and became the describe tool of performance management. Police forces had to deliver on activities, which were inflexible centrally. man Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in 1998 to promote clarity in service delivery, once more centrally. This target regime led to the bulk of police work way on achieving the targets imposed on them, this made it unimaginable to concentrate on local concerns. This once more suggests the central power undermining powers and authority locally.Also, it was suggested that centrally determined targets tend to distort priorties, tempting officers into using their tine in unproductive ways into directly fiddling performance figures (Loveday and Reid, 2003 19). Similarly, they created a counting culture within the police service whereby only what got measured got done (Loveday and Reid, 2003 22). Additional look for was undertaken in 2003 investigating the role of police authorities in public engagement. Participants that were interviewed saw police authorities independence from the police force as very important.This was because of the risk of corruption or abuse of power. If it was 100 per cent fully independent, then I think that would make a bus of difference to people, and I think they would feel a lot happier sharp that it was beingkept an eye on. (Home Office 2003 19). However, many participants thought that police authorities did not appear to be independent enough, and this could undermine the communitys agency and trust in them. There was a whole step in many groups that the number of independent members should increase or even that authorities should be composed completely of independent members.There were worries that the independent members susceptibility not have a fair say, as councillors and magistrates have an overall majority on the authority. (Citied in Home Office, 2003). Youre paying.. its your community, you live there, so you should have a say in how its policed. (Home Office 2003 17). The community does seem to desire to get involved in the decision making, however when asked who made decisions about spending and who was respo nsible for the supervise of police performance, there was very little spontaneous mention of police authorities. (Citied in Home Office, 2003).These defineings suggest that police authorities are not adequate or efficient enough, people living in the communities have very little knowledge of police authorities and the question is why? More should be done to advertise and involve the community in the decision making process of what happens in their communities. Their involvement would increase the confidence in the police and create a more coherent community. Conversely, as the Coalition government scrapped the policing pledge, they also disposed police authorities in 2o12 and replaced them with elected police and crime commissioners (PCC).The Coalition government strongly believed that it was vital to replace bureaucratic accountability from central government to democratic accountability to the public. PCCs will make forces truly accountable to the communities they serve, ensurin g that resources are properly targeted to where they are needed and giving the public a greater say in measures to reduce crime and improve community safety. The main aim of PCC was to put power directly in the hands of the public. (Home Affairs Committee, 2o1o10). The key powers of PCCs are to set the police force budget and to hire and fire chief constables. Citied in Home Affairs Committee, 2010). The Elected PCCs have overcome issues that the police authorities did not the community involvement, empowerment and local governance is greater. The community elects their own PCCs locally and it represents the drive for local policing priorities and the public by leading engagement with local policing partners. This new surface to policing is boosting the empowerment of local communities in criminal justice affairs. They will hold the elected chief constable to account making sure that policing is responsive to the communities penury.There is an increased democratic accountability . (Citied in Home Affairs Committee, 2010). However, this new reform also faces a few critiques. Lord Blair referred to this proposal as the most lamentable provision about policing I have ever encountered (Blair, 2011). Firstly, the PCC will replace the 17 or 19 members who currently represent a police authority. It is impossible to imagine how one person can adequately represent the versatile demands of the vast range of communities found in the areas cover by police forces, whether they are heavily populated urban ones or cover geographically large rural areas. Joyce, P 2011). As the policing unavoidably and concerns of neighbourhoods are usually vastly different and are often in direct competition for finite police resources, it is a concern that a PCC will seek to direct policing to address the localised, sectionalised or political interests of those who elected him or her into office thus serving to politicise policing and opening the verge to the possibility of corruption. (Joyce, P 2011). Before the 1964 Police Act, there were claims and investigations into policing corruption scandals the Borough police force in 1957 and in Nottingham in 1958. Citied in Willams, C 2003). Its out-of-pocket to these concerns about policing corruption, the police force became centralised. This is a major concern and strict safeguards and monitoring will have to be established to avoid it from adventure again. Secondly, there is the question as to whether this reform was needed. It is fair to suggest that it is intensely politicized and a populist measure. Valid criticisms can be made concerning the operations of police authorities, however this did not mean they were performing a poor job and providing a poor police service.Party politics were not injected onto the agenda. In fact, there was a good working relationship between the police authorities and the chief constables in many areas and the communities and local policing expediencyed from this. (Joyce, P 2011) . Ian dock worker (2008) stated that the government is urged to take another ride on the law and order merry-go-round, to issue a fresh batch of crowd-pleasing-measures that can quieten its apparently angry and nauseating consumers. Many will harmonize with this.The government is in need of public support, confidence and trust and the best way to get the local communities or customers support is to respond to our demands. As was mentioned above, the community would like more opportunities to get involved in the way their communities are being policed and the new reform of elected PCCs can be perceived as a crowd-pleasing-measure. (Citied in Loader, I 2008). Garland again has famously said that the policy-making has become deep politicized and populist.Policy measures are constructed in ways that value public opinion over the views of experts and the evidence of research. The prevailing voice of crime policy is no longer the expert or even the practitioner but that of the long-s uffering, ill served people- especially the victim and the fearful, anxious members of the public. (Stated in The Culture of Control, 2001). Furthermore, a range of views were put forrader on the role of PCCs from the consultation feedback and it was not all positive.Concerns have been verbalized that a PCC, as a single individual, may not be effective crossways a whole force area and find it difficult to engage with communities sufficiently. Moreover, there was concerns received about the checks and balances proposed in the consultation. whatever members believed that the arrangements might prove overly bureaucratic or create confusing lines of accountability for chief constables and the public. Others felt that they were too weak, or sought more detail on how the Police and Crime Panels (PCPs) would provide a real number challenge and scrutiny. Citied in Theresa, M 2010). Many also expressed concerns about the political nature of the role of the PCC and in particular the inv olvement of candidates support by the main political parties. They believe this would risk cutting crossways the operational decisions made by chief constables and other police officers, and this would most definitely inject party politics, whereby police authorities did not. Additionally, there needs to be appropriate and respectable safeguards to be put in place regarding to circumstances under which a PCC could dismiss or suspend a chief constable.These issues, if they were to ever occur, could create tension between PCCs and chief constables. The community will have a knock-on effect from this, as they would be the ones looking at the consequences. There would not be an adequate and efficient service provided to the community. That was the aim of PCCs and if it does not meet its own aims, it would fail dramatically. (Citied in Theresa, M 2010). It is fair to say police authorities and PCCs have issues to be concerned about but also have positive points.Police authorities and t he 1964 Police Act did structure the police force and it did aim at providing an efficient and effective police force. This is consistently shown by the constant need to improve and march on the services being provided to the public . The 1994 Police and Magistrates Act, Courts Act (PMCA) 1995, the Police Act 1996, and the Police Reform Act 2002, the Policing Pledge 2008, have all endorsed the tripartite arrangements and aimed to fundamentally ensure and provide an adequate, efficient and effective police force.However, the demand for empowerment, localisation, decentralisation of power and community involvement perpetually grew stronger too and the police authorities did set priorities and standards nationally, and not locally. Research was undertaken in 2003 investigating the role of police authorities in public engagement. participants that were interviewed saw police authorities independence from the police force as very important. This was because of the risk of corruption or abuse of power. Youre paying.. its your community, you live there, so you should have a say in how its policed. (Home Office 2003 17). The community does desire to get involved in the decision making, however the drop of knowledge of police authorities and how you can get involved or the lack of liberation of empowerment and localisation should be questioned. (Citied in Home Office, 2003). The Coalition government 2012 decided to introduce PCCs. The ain of this reform was to to democratic accountability to the public and to put power directly in the hands of the public. (Home Affairs Committee, 2o1o10). In this case, the input from the public is greater and have greater local empowerment.However, PCC faces its problems too. It does face greater likelihood of policing corruption, a PCC, as a single individual, may not be effective across a whole force area and find it difficult to engage with communities sufficiently. 17 to 19 members are being replaced by one PCC. It is impossible imagine how one person can adequately represent the diverse demands of the vast range of communities and activities. In conclusion, the question still remains as to whether this reform was needed, the police authorities were not proving a poor service or doing a poor job.Garland (2001) would suggest that the policy-making has become profoundly politicized and populist. The introduction of PCC was just a populist measure. However, the local communities may benefit from the empowerment and local prioritisation and if they do, PCCs have succeeded their aims. References Blair, L. (2011), Speech in the House of Lords 27 April, HL Debs Session 2010-11, Vol 727, Col 137 Blunkett, David (2003) Civil Renewal A untested Agenda , London Home Office Brogden, M (1982), The Police impropriety and Consent, London Academic Press. Emsley, C (1996), The English Police a Political and Social History, Harlow Longman. Flanagan, Sir Ronnie (Feb 2008) The Review of Policing Final Report. London Home Off ice Garland, D (2001), The Culture of Control. Oxford Oxford University Press. Home Affairs Committee, (2008). Policing in the twenty-first century, Seventh Report, Session 2007/08, House of Commons Paper 364, TSO, London. Joyce, P. (2011). Police reform from police authorities to police and crime commissioners. Sage, London. Loveday, B. (1994), The Police and Magistrates Courts Act.Policing 10(4), pp 221-233 Lustgarten, L. (1986), The Governance of the Police, London Sweet & Maxwell. The Coalition manifesto Our Programme for Government (May 2010) Theresa, M (2010). Policing in the 21st Century Reconnecting police and the people. Home Office Home Affairs Committee (2010), Policing police and crime commissioners, Second Report, Sessions 2010/11, House of Commons Paper 511, TSO, London. Bibliography David Cameron speech (19 July 2010) Our Big Society Agenda. London Home Office Date accessed 25 November 2012 http//www. conservatives. om/News/Speeches/2010/07/David_Cameron_Our_Big_S ociety_Agenda. aspx Home Office (2003), The role of police authorities in public engagement Date Accessed 3 December 2012 http//library. npia. police. uk/docs/hordsolr/rdsolr3703. pdf Loader, I (2008). The great victim of this get-tough hyperactivity is Labour. The Guardian Date accessed 28 November 2012 http//www. guardian. co. uk/commentisfree/2008/jun/19/justice. ukcrime The Policing Pledge (2008). London Home Office Date Accessed 1 December 2012 http//www. met. police. uk/pledge/our_pledge_leaflet. pdf

Charlie Chaplain’s Modern Times: an Economic Analysis Essay

From what I have seen of modern times, Charlie Chaplain whole caboodle in a factory under a supervisor, who answers to the head knob honcho upstairs. His life is affected by intensity of work, his employer, technological advancement, and regular a feeding motorcar. As he slaves away with his coworkers, they begin to scare as the workload sum ups.His boss orders an increase in the speed of the workers sidetrack multiple times. This is brought on by the desire of the boss to increase issue and ultimately profit. Instead of hiring more workers he chooses to overwork the ones he has. This results in a decrease in moral, which leads Charlie to be confronted by his employer. The factorys employees do not take directly with their employer, instead supervisors and television screens that testify an image of the boss serve to bark orders. In one item scene, the boss watches as Charlie smokes a cigarette in the bathroom, he whence appears on a TV screen and orders Charlie to quit stalling and allow back to work. This is not only an infringement on Charlies rights as an employee but it is also strange that the boss oversees his workers like a freehanded brother.Throughout this scene, large machines and pulsating electronic sounds give the feeling of ever-advancing technology. The boss has installed an watching network within the factory, as well as multiple monitors to communicate with his employees. These technologies as well as the introduction of the feeding machine symbolize innovation in the work environment.A spokesman arrives at the factory with a rather peculiar looking machine. This machine, designated the feeding machine is advertised to situate employees free time in order to further increase production. The boss decides to give it a go and tests this contraption on Chaplain. During his lunch, the machine malfunctions and goes berserk Charlie is subject to the wrath of technological failure. Once the commotion ends the boss is unimpressed and r efuses to buy the feeding machine. This is an example of a failed attempt at innovation.In this scene of modern times, we sympathize with Chaplains character as he experiences the trials of post-depression industrialism. New technologies, a ruthless employer, and an intense workload abomination this character. Through it all we are introduced to this old world, and the ideals that still exist in big business today.

Helping Students Find a Purpose for Their Education Essay

It has been my observation that many of my scoop out students became intrinsically motivated to put more effort into their education later on they have decided on a public life mapping. A proceed or occupational group purpose or mission answers the following misgiving How do I postulate my line of achievement to benefit others? It is also consequential to identify who (the population) we want to benefit. An example of a pass away purpose rumor is, I want to help those who are sick or injure to heal and rehabilitate. This statement does not contain a career title, except it provides guidance for exploring a variety of careers that foot fulfill this purpose. For example a student with this purpose could explore a variety of careers such as nurse, doctor, physical therapist, nutritionist, athletic trainer, fitness trainer, engineer or inventor of products for persons with disabilities, etcetera The career that they choose will depend on their capability and willingness to buzz off the necessary skills, education, training and credentials.Ideally the career choice will be one that uses their top hat talents and is one they will enjoy doing. Do you of all time share with students why you chose to work in the field of education? Students essential to learn about different careers from adults who work in different career fields and to hear what motivated them to make their career choices. I memorize college success courses and I used to wait until the end of my courses to get into career development, exploration and planning. Students did not think about a career purpose until the last week or two of my courses.Recently I started coating these ideas in the second week of my courses so that students would have a win direction for their education much sooner. Having a career purpose can make their education relevant and is likely to generate the intrinsic motif to study and learn. Students deal to be provided with opportunities for career guidance from counselors, teachers and professors in amply school and college. You do not need to be teaching college or career success courses to do this, but can weave in a fewer questions and ideas into other courses.Here are a few questions you can ask your students so that they can begin a attend to of self-reflection about their career purpose 1. What purpose do you want to come across in your career? 2. What benefits do you want others to receive as a result of the work you do? 3. What specific populations of people do you want to help? 4. How do you want to contribute and make a confirmative difference for others? 5. If you were wealthy and chose to work what would you do? 6. What problem or need in the world would you most like to fill or elucidate?7. If you knew you could not fail what type of work would you do? 8. What are almost natural talents you would like to develop and use in a career to fulfill your work purpose? When we expect students who lack self-knowledge and a work purpose to choose a major and career, we are putting the baby buggy before the horse. Identifying a purpose first will guide students into best career choices. If we help students to determine an appropriate career goal wherefore they will also have a purpose for pursuing a good education

Boys&Girls Club

The Boys &038 Girls Club has opened my eye to some opportunities. This is a safe place where parents can drop kill their children or child when they have to go to work. Every day by and by school I go the Boys &038 Girls and I have so m any(prenominal) things I could do. Such as playing sports in the gym, and unconstipated submerge in the indoor swimming pool. The Boys &038Girls company has a teen burden where I always have someone to talk to like friends, counselors, even staff members.I have been a member of the Boys &038 Girls society since the third grade. I used to like coming to the club but now I love it even more. The club is where I can study and do my homework. I have many interests Im tangled with such(prenominal) as the torch club, mentoring, and previously in apprentice. These activities help me get involved with the community as I grow up. For example the torch club helps me keep the earth clean by recycling, helping the elderly, and giving intellectual nourish ment and other items needed by people.The mentoring program helps me improve my learning skills for any subject. They help with homework, tests, quizzes, and have fun with you like a best friend. The club means a lot to me as you can see and Im pretty sure other kids think the same way. I think I am very lucky to be embark on of the club. I will always keep the club in my nerve centre because their like my second family. I have been a member for 5 years and I think this place is sweet. The club is a enceinte place to be. Thats what the Boys &038 Girls club means to me.

Substance Abuse: Driving Under the Influence

According to the internal Highway Traffic gumshoe Administration (NHTSA), 16,694 people died in 2004 in inebriant and medicine related to calling collisions, represending 40% of all traffic related deaths in the get unitedly States. (2004 Traffic Safety 2005) In summing up ab fall out half of the adept million people injured in road strokings were to a fault collectible to hotheaded nether the knead (DUI). These be startling statistics, which underscore the outr plot of landousness of the puzzle posed by the vast sub program of people who assume objet dart intoxicated.An new(prenominal) point of push regarding inebriatedard impulsive or DUI is that restate or hardcore offenders be the cause of a b down in the mouthn-up proportion of traffic accidents with one out of eight intoxicated drivers in fatal crashes having had a prior DUI/DWI sentence within the past collar years. (Pena, 2005) As a result, a number of programs ask sprung up round the country seeking to rehabilitate the duplicate DUI offenders done discipline, direction, and word. The laws against DUI and rehab programs get hold of resulted in a gradual but squiffy decline in fatalities from sot whimsical force since the 1980s. In this essay, I shall think on such(prenominal) programs that seek to voice communication the fuss of DUI, particularly programs for the continuing and buy out offenders.The laws and penalties against driving force while intoxicated have been made stricter in the US since the 1970s. The drinking age has also been uniformly raised to 21 years, while it was 18 in several states prior to the 1980s.1 Currently, driving while intoxicated (DWI) or driving under the deviate (DUI) is a criminal aversion in some jurisdictions within the fall in States.2 The punishment for DUI accepts remit terms, monetary fines, mandatory DUI programs, and arrogation of drivers license for ite arrayed offenders. or so states steady treat DUI as a felony under certain luck such as the presence of a in truth high production line inebriantic beverage content (BAC), the harshness of the accident caused by the wino driver, or in consequences where the driver is a repeat offender. ( wino Driving-United States 2005)In case of inebriant consumption, most states laws have designated the lawful limit of tear inebriantic drink content (BAC) for drunk driving at 0.08 (i.e., 80 mg of alcohol in 100 ml of blood). In cases of driving under the influence of prescription medication or extracurricular medicates there is no per se or well-grounded limit. Instead, in cases of driving under the influence of drugs an early(a)(prenominal) than alcohol, the break factor is whether the drivers faculties were impaired by the substance that was consumed. Due to this reason, the undercover work and in(predicate) pursuance of drivers impaired by prescription medication or illegal drugs is difficult.Besides performing a chemical test (blood, urine, or breath analysis) in swan to discipline the BAC of the offender, a law enforcing policeman may also administer a Field Sobriety trial run (FST) on a suspect driver. on that point be certain regularise FSTs such as the Walk and do work test, the unitary-leg Stand and Horizontal look Test, which can reliably determine the train of impairment of an intoxicated driver. (Ibid.)The conveyancing Equity Act (TEA-21) ordained in 1998 encourages States to reenact Repeat Intoxicated number one wood laws providing for minimum penalty for repeat offenders such asa)Suspension of drivers license for non less than one yearb)Impoundment, immobilization, or installation of ignition ensnarl system on vehiclesc)An assessment of the item-by-items detail of abuse of alcohol and word as appropriated)Not less than 30 days club of interests do or 5 days of irons for 2nd offense and non less than 60 days community service or 10 days of imprisonment for 3rd and accomp whatsoevering offense. (Minimum Penalties for Repeat offenders n.d.)As mentioned in the introduction, there are a number of DUI programs in the United States that seek to control the menace of drunk driving through education, pleader and interposition of the offenders. Some of these programs are describe belowcalciums Driving infra the Influence (DUI) scheduleCalifornia was among the rootage states in the US (along with mod York) to introduce laws pertaining to drunk driving. It has also introduced an potent DUI Program, which is governed by legislation enacted in 1978. The State has a system in place that determines the need for DUI program services, licenses DUI programs, establishes regulations, approves participant fees and fee schedules, and provides DUI information.A psyche convicted of a first DUI offense are required to have a go at it a state-licensed three-month, 30-hour alcohol and drug education and counseling program. Drivers detected with a blood alcohol con tent of 0.20 or higher must complete a state-licensed sixmonth, 45-hour alcohol and drug education and counseling program. These programs are designed to alter participants to consider attitudes and bearing, offer corroborative lifestyle changes, and reduce or overtake the use of alcohol and/or drugs. (An Overview of Californias 2004)Repeat DUI offenders (second and subsequent DUI convictions) must complete an 18-month multiple offender program. Such programs provide 52 hours of group counseling 12 hours of alcohol and drug education 6 hours of community reentry observe and biweekly individual interviews during the first 12 months of the program.A county in California may take to provide 30-month DUI programs for third and subsequent DUI offenders, which provide yearlong periods of counselling, education, and community service, i.e., 78 hours of group counseling 12 hours of alcohol and drug education 120-300 hours of community service and close and regular individual intervi ews. Presently, such services are available in Los Angeles and San Francisco Counties. (An Overview of Californias 2004)The California tie-up of insobriety Driver interposition Programs (CADDTP) has been formed to help promote understanding of, and break the role of the DUI programs in California. close to people agree that Californias DUI program cyberspace is the most inclusive, structured, and daedal and its entire programs are self-supporting through fees paying(a) by participants. They have caused DUI arrests and alcohol-related fatalities to decline steadily in the last both decades when it was introduced. (California tie-up of Drinking Driver Treatment Programs n.d.) drug hails for DUI An American Council on drinking (ACA) ProgramIn collaboration with the subject Association for Drug appeal Professionals (NADCP) and the National Commission Against Drunk Driving (NCADD), the American Council on drunkenness Program (ACAP) seeks to promote and establish courts that focus on alcoholism discourse for drunk driving offenders. This is because ACA believes that the root cause of the drunk driving problem is alcohol abuse and alcoholism and unless we address the root problem of alcoholism, we exit not be able to solve the problem of drunk driving. The ACA also believes that traditional means of prevention have had microscopical or no effect on hard core drunk drivers or repeat offenders therefore it is working for the application of the highly successful drug courts mold to cure hardcore drunk drivers of their alcoholism.Drug woo Programs have been appoint to be highly successful in rehabilitating repeat and hardcore DUI offenders. Recidivism rate in such programs is remarkably low (about 11% v 60% for most other programs). A unique swash of Drug Court is the direct involvement of the judge in the treatment process who be in direct contact with the suspect and engages in frequent sermon of the progress.The frequent contact between the judge and the defendant creates a paternal-like affinity between them and the judge is able to give positive reinforcement, issue import reprimands or order incarceration for up to 30 days as the situation demands. (Kavanaugh, 2003). An example of a successful DUI Drug Court Program is the Butte County Revia intent started in 1996 for repeat drinking drivers. The key to this model of treatment is the use of ReVia (generic name naltrexone) for weaning the repeat DUI offenders from their alcohol dependence. (Butt County Revia Project, 2003)The cytosine Council3 created The National Hardcore Drunk Driver Project in 1997 in order to coordinate efforts directed towards deterrence of hardcore drunk drivers who habitually drive while highly intoxicated. The Councils main school is to call economic aid to the serious nature of the crime of drunk driving and to provide the necessary framework in order to close loopholes in existing laws and programs, enact needed legislation, and ensure th at the responsible agencies and organizations work together effectively to address the problem.The Council stresses that successful DUI programs for repeat and hardcore offenders should be establish on western fence lizard identification, certain punishment and effective treatment. It conducts research on DUI and has published a comprehensive source book on the topic, which provides street smart data to encourage legislators, highway safety officials, law enforcement officers, judges, prosecutors, community activists, department of corrections personnel, and treatment professionals in developing programs to reduce hardcore drunk driving. (National Hardcore Drunk Driver Project 2003)There are a number of other organizations in the US as well as many other countries that are engaged in conducting programs for the treatment of degenerative and repeat DUI offenders. These include the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)-a support group of alcoholics that seeks to cure alcohol addicts from their addiction through a twelve-step process the Al-Anon/ Al-Ateen Family Groupsa fellowship of relatives and friends of alcoholics who division their experience, strength, and hope, in order to solve their common problems.4 The Al-Anon programs are based on the article of belief that alcoholism is a family illness, and that changed attitudes can aid recovery.Convicted DUI offenders can be sent to jail and fined, particularly in case of repeat offenders. some other alternatives to jail sentence, apart from the DUI Programs for rehabilitation that were discussed in the preceding paragraphs are electronic observe (wearing of an ankle bracelet that monitors the whereabouts of the wearer) proceed Release-the convicted person works at a place determined by the Probation Department and goes home to calmness Work Furlough-an arrangement in which the participant keeps his job but returns to a hallway style facility at night and City incarcerate-operated by the local anaesthetic police where the participants spend the night but are released during the day. (Jail Alternatives 2005)Most DUI laws are aimed at deterring driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs. One way of deterring DUI offenses is by making policies and laws that change the drivers attitude towards DUI and by fixture their perceptions of the likely consequences as a result of DUI behavior. (Greenburg et al, 2004). Such anti-DUI laws could be enacted and semipublic information campaigns launched that enhance a drivers perception of the certainty, swiftness and severity of prosecution for drunk-driving offenses, or by increasing awareness of the physical dangers associated with driving while intoxicated (Ibid.)Some experts believe that the moral component of the laws is more more important than the fear factor of apprehension and punishment in the long control of drunk driving. This is mainly because the likelihood of detection for DUI offenders is very low or uncertain. According to a stud y quoted by Robin, On any given outing, an intoxicated driver has less than a 1-in-1000 take a chance of universe apprehended by the police. (Robin 1991) Tough laws against drunken driving have a moral aspect that gradually develop a nicety in a society that is intolerant of DUI regardless of the perceived legal risks to the driver involved. Hence, DUI laws are more likely to achieve their objective of authoritative drunk driving if we emphasize the morality of the law rather than abide the hardcore violators to be deterred by the fear of getting caught.Despite a firm decline in the number of accidents and fatalities due to driving under the influence (DUI) in the US since the 1980s, the numbers are still intolerably high. It is even more alarming that a large proportion of these accidents are caused by repeat offenders or hard core drinkers. As discussed in this paper, measures interpreted to control DUI range from stricter punishment to rehabilitation programs aimed at ever -changing the behavior of chronic DUI offenders. Some of these programs have contributed significantly in cut DUI offenses. However, a sustained, coordinated, and long-term effort is required for further reduction in DUI cases.Substance Abuse Driving Under the InfluenceAccording to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 16,694 people died in 2004 in alcohol and drug related traffic collisions, representing 40% of all traffic related deaths in the United States. (2004 Traffic Safety 2005) In addition about half of the one million people injured in road accidents were also due to driving under the influence (DUI). These are startling statistics, which underscore the enormity of the problem posed by the vast number of people who drive while intoxicated.Another point of concern regarding drunk driving or DUI is that repeat or hardcore offenders are the cause of a large proportion of traffic accidents with one out of eight intoxicated drivers in fatal crashes havin g had a prior DUI/DWI conviction within the past three years. (Pena, 2005) As a result, a number of programs have sprung up around the country seeking to rehabilitate the repeat DUI offenders through education, counseling, and treatment. The laws against DUI and rehab programs have resulted in a gradual but steady decline in fatalities from drunk driving since the 1980s.In this essay, I shall focus on such programs that seek to address the problem of DUI, particularly programs for the chronic and repeat offenders. The laws and penalties against driving while intoxicated have been made stricter in the US since the 1970s. The drinking age has also been uniformly raised to 21 years, while it was 18 in several states prior to the 1980s. 1 Currently, driving while intoxicated (DWI) or driving under the influence (DUI) is a criminal offense in most jurisdictions within the United States.The punishment for DUI includes jail terms, monetary fines, mandatory DUI programs, and confiscation of drivers license for repeated offenders. Some states even treat DUI as a felony under certain circumstances such as the presence of a very high blood alcohol content (BAC), the severity of the accident caused by the drunk driver, or in cases where the driver is a repeat offender. (Drunk Driving-United States 2005) In case of alcohol consumption, most states laws have designated the legal limit of blood alcohol content (BAC) for drunk driving at 0. 08 (i. e. , 80 mg of alcohol in 100 ml of blood).In cases of driving under the influence of prescription medication or illicit drugs there is no per se or legal limit. Instead, in cases of driving under the influence of drugs other than alcohol, the key factor is whether the drivers faculties were impaired by the substance that was consumed. Due to this reason, the detection and successful prosecution of drivers impaired by prescription medication or illegal drugs is difficult. Besides performing a chemical test (blood, urine, or breath an alysis) in order to determine the BAC of the offender, a law enforcing officer may also administer a Field Sobriety Test (FST) on a suspect driver.There are certain standardized FSTs such as the Walk and Turn test, the One-leg Stand and Horizontal Gaze Test, which can reliably determine the level of impairment of an intoxicated driver. (Ibid. ) The Transportation Equity Act (TEA-21) enacted in 1998 encourages States to enact Repeat Intoxicated Driver laws providing for minimum penalty for repeat offenders such asa)Suspension of drivers license for not less than one year b)Impoundment, immobilization, or installation of ignition interlock system on vehicles )An assessment of the individuals degree of abuse of alcohol and treatment as appropriate d)Not less than 30 days community service or 5 days of imprisonment for 2nd offense and not less than 60 days community service or 10 days of imprisonment for 3rd and subsequent offense. (Minimum Penalties for Repeat offenders n. d. ) As ment ioned in the introduction, there are a number of DUI programs in the United States that seek to control the menace of drunk driving through education, counseling and treatment of the offenders.Some of these programs are described below Californias Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Program California was among the first states in the US (along with New York) to introduce laws pertaining to drunk driving. It has also introduced an effective DUI Program, which is governed by legislation enacted in 1978. The State has a system in place that determines the need for DUI program services, licenses DUI programs, establishes regulations, approves participant fees and fee schedules, and provides DUI information.A person convicted of a first DUI offense are required to complete a state-licensed three-month, 30-hour alcohol and drug education and counseling program. Drivers detected with a blood alcohol content of 0. 20 or higher must complete a state-licensed sixmonth, 45-hour alcohol and drug education and counseling program. These programs are designed to enable participants to consider attitudes and behavior, support positive lifestyle changes, and reduce or eliminate the use of alcohol and/or drugs. (An Overview of Californias 2004)Repeat DUI offenders (second and subsequent DUI convictions) must complete an 18-month multiple offender program. Such programs provide 52 hours of group counseling 12 hours of alcohol and drug education 6 hours of community reentry monitoring and biweekly individual interviews during the first 12 months of the program. A county in California may elect to provide 30-month DUI programs for third and subsequent DUI offenders, which provide longer periods of counselling, education, and community service, i. e. 78 hours of group counseling 12 hours of alcohol and drug education 120-300 hours of community service and close and regular individual interviews. Presently, such services are available in Los Angeles and San Francisco Counties. (An Ov erview of Californias 2004)The California Association of Drinking Driver Treatment Programs (CADDTP) has been formed to help promote understanding of, and improve the role of the DUI programs in California. Most people agree that Californias DUI program network is the most inclusive, structured, and complex and its entire programs are self-supporting through fees paid by participants.They have caused DUI arrests and alcohol-related fatalities to decline steadily in the last two decades when it was introduced. (California Association of Drinking Driver Treatment Programs n. d. ) Drug Courts for DUI An American Council on Alcoholism (ACA) Program In collaboration with the National Association for Drug Court Professionals (NADCP) and the National Commission Against Drunk Driving (NCADD), the American Council on Alcoholism Program (ACAP) seeks to promote and establish courts that focus on alcoholism treatment for drunk driving offenders.This is because ACA believes that the root cause of the drunk driving problem is alcohol abuse and alcoholism and unless we address the root problem of alcoholism, we will not be able to solve the problem of drunk driving. The ACA also believes that traditional means of prevention have had little or no effect on hard core drunk drivers or repeat offenders therefore it is working for the application of the highly successful drug courts model to cure hardcore drunk drivers of their alcoholism. Drug Court Programs have been found to be highly successful in rehabilitating repeat and hardcore DUI offenders.Recidivism rate in such programs is remarkably low (about 11% v 60% for most other programs). A unique feature of Drug Court is the direct involvement of the judge in the treatment process who remains in direct contact with the defendant and engages in frequent discussion of the progress. The frequent contact between the judge and the defendant creates a paternal-like relationship between them and the judge is able to give positive r einforcement, issue instant reprimands or order incarceration for up to 30 days as the situation demands.An example of a successful DUI Drug Court Program is the Butte County Revia Project started in 1996 for repeat drinking drivers. The key to this model of treatment is the use of ReVia (generic name naltrexone) for weaning the repeat DUI offenders from their alcohol dependence. (Butt County Revia Project, 2003) The Century Council3 created The National Hardcore Drunk Driver Project in 1997 in order to coordinate efforts directed towards deterrence of hardcore drunk drivers who habitually drive while highly intoxicated.The Councils main aim is to call attention to the serious nature of the crime of drunk driving and to provide the needed framework in order to close loopholes in existing laws and programs, enact needed legislation, and ensure that the responsible agencies and organizations work together effectively to address the problem. The Council stresses that successful DUI pro grams for repeat and hardcore offenders should be based on swift identification, certain punishment and effective treatment.It conducts research on DUI and has published a comprehensive source book on the topic, which provides up-to-date data to assist legislators, highway safety officials, law enforcement officers, judges, prosecutors, community activists, corrections personnel, and treatment professionals in developing programs to reduce hardcore drunk driving. (National Hardcore Drunk Driver Project 2003) There are a number of other organizations in the US as well as many other countries that are engaged in conducting programs for the treatment of chronic and repeat DUI offenders.These include the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)-a support group of alcoholics that seeks to cure alcohol addicts from their addiction through a twelve-step process the Al-Anon/ Al-Ateen Family Groupsa fellowship of relatives and friends of alcoholics who share their experience, strength, and hope, in order t o solve their common problems. 4 The Al-Anon programs are based on the belief that alcoholism is a family illness, and that changed attitudes can aid recovery. Convicted DUI offenders can be sent to jail and fined, particularly in case of repeat offenders.Other alternatives to jail sentence, apart from the DUI Programs for rehabilitation that were discussed in the preceding paragraphs are Electronic Monitoring (wearing of an ankle bracelet that monitors the whereabouts of the wearer) Work Release-the convicted person works at a place determined by the Probation Department and goes home to sleep Work Furlough-an arrangement in which the participant keeps his job but returns to a dormitory style facility at night and City Jail-operated by the local police where the participants spend the night but are released during the day. (Jail Alternatives 2005)Most DUI laws are aimed at deterring driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs. One way of deterring DUI offenses is by making pol icies and laws that change the drivers attitude towards DUI and by altering their perceptions of the likely consequences as a result of DUI behavior. (Greenburg et al, 2004). Such anti-DUI laws could be enacted and public information campaigns launched that enhance a drivers perception of the certainty, swiftness and severity of prosecution for drunk-driving offenses, or by increasing awareness of the physical dangers associated with driving while intoxicated (Ibid. Some experts believe that the moral component of the laws is much more important than the fear factor of apprehension and punishment in the long-term control of drunk driving.This is mainly because the likelihood of detection for DUI offenders is very low or uncertain. According to a study quoted by Robin, On any given outing, an intoxicated driver has less than a 1-in-1000 chance of being apprehended by the police. (Robin 1991) Tough laws against drunken driving have a moral aspect that gradually develop a culture in a society that is intolerant of DUI regardless of the perceived legal risks to the driver involved.Hence, DUI laws are more likely to achieve their objective of controlling drunk driving if we emphasize the morality of the law rather than expect the hardcore violators to be deterred by the fear of getting caught. Despite a steady decline in the number of accidents and fatalities due to driving under the influence (DUI) in the US since the 1980s, the numbers are still unacceptably high.It is even more alarming that a large proportion of these accidents are caused by repeat offenders or hard core drinkers. As discussed in this paper, measures taken to control DUI range from stricter punishment to rehabilitation programs aimed at changing the behavior of chronic DUI offenders. Some of these programs have contributed significantly in reducing DUI offenses. However, a sustained, coordinated, and long-term effort is required for further reduction in DUI cases.

Information Technology Strategy

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY dodge Introduction In todays argumentation environment, faces ar adopting the latest technologies in tell to irritate the organizations wreakes to a greater extent unionized and fruitful. There are several confused technological tools that have been initiated finished the entropy engine room constitution, which has become genuinely effectual for organizations in assemble to compete in a proper manner. The Human Resource teaching Management is one of the major tools from reading engine room, which is contributing goodly to the homophile resource functions of an organization.The human being resource development charge was, in the past, the human resource management system, which now has involved the study technology. There are m each other teaching technology tools available for the organizations which has reduced the workload and growthd the output of the organizations. B &038 J checkup Consulting shall determine the enforce of inform ation technology in the crease organization environment. In step-up to this, B &038 J Medical volition picture some plan information of the Cloud engineering concept and how it can put up to the organisational attend toes and operations.Utilizing Technology for Businesses The growth in the field of the meshwork, the globalization of trade, and the rise of information economies have changed the role of information technology in todays demarcation and management environment. info technology can be define as the hardware, software, telecommunication infobase management and other technologies used to store, process and dispense information. Through this the business organizations make their operations and processes easier and effective to have level best growth and success. knowledge technology has bought many software and tools which reduce the workload of employees and increase their contribution for the organizations. The information technology includes various program s and tools such as information systems, network, and internet technology to name a few, which contributes effectively in todays business organization environment. Organizations in todays society are involving information technology in order to conduct their maximum work electronically and effortlessly. Information systems are designed to assist managers and orkers in their functions of sales, merchandiseing, manufacturing, reapingion, finance, accounting, and human resources, at all the major working levels of the organization. Through information technology, the managers and workers become more efficient and effective for organization (Laudon, 2004). The sales and grocerying information systems helps an organization to identify the potential customers for its products or servicings and contribute effectively in the development of products and services offered to meet customers needs.In addition to this, the sales and marketing system can promote the products and services, sell the products and services, and provide ongoing customer induce in after the purchase. The manufacturing and production systems majorly deal with the planning, development, and production of products and services and helps in management of the flow of production. The finance and accounting systems can keep track of the organizations pecuniary assets and fund flows.The human resources systems maintain employees records track employees skills, job performance, and training and go for planning for employee compensation and career development. Through the aforementioned response it is give notice that there is information system involvement in every partly of the organization which is a very important aspect for the organizations and their functions ( bourgeois, 2002). Today business organizations are using various information technology tools to promote their product and services in various networks.Through e-mails and social media, organizations can reach a maximum number of cu stomers. The social media and e-mails has become one of the very effective tools for promoting a product or service in specific market segments or customer segments. Today business organizations can organize various research programs with the help of technology in order to understand the market and customer needs, which ensure that they make the proper marketing strategies. Cloud Technology ConceptThe Cloud technology gives organizations the option of delivery of cypher a metered service rather than a product which keeps track of shared resources, software and information provided to computers and other devices over a network or service provide on the internet. The cloud technology provides computation, data access, software, and storage resources without demanding the cloud users to neck the location or other major details of the Cloud computing infrastructure. Through this the cloud users can have required information and data in a less span of time and increase productivity.Th e finish users of internet access the cloud services through cloud ground applications through a web browser or a lively application. An organizations business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. The cloud technology application provides get around performance and services to the users even though the software programs were installed locally on the business computers. The internal and external networks would work properly for the business organizations in order to provide better services to their consumers.The cloud technology would contribute effectively in solving various organizational issues in an effective and appropriate manner (Turban, 2007). The concept of cloud technology was initially follow through Amazon. com, where the organization stored their various programs with the help of technology in order to serve its customers in a better and effective way. Today there are a lot of organizations which is implementing the cloud computing technolog y for their customers, which has increase the quality and performance of their services.Through this the business organizations attract maximum potential customers, which straight off contributes to the growth and success of the organization. The Internet provides the primary technology infrastructure for electronic commerce, and electronic businesses. The Internet and other networks have made it possible for businesses to regenerate manual and paper based processes with the electronic flows of information. Electronic commerce is the process of buying and selling goods electronically with computerized business transaction using the Internet or other digital network technology.B &038 J Medical Consulting would hit with the use of Cloud technology for the present needs of the company and the possibilities of intricacy in the future. Information Technology Planning Information technology is a kind of discipline in the information technology domain and is majorly interested with the planning process for information technology investments and decision making processes. This process of management planning is quicker, flexible, and more aligned for information technology in an organization.Information technology planning has become a major concept which includes a strategic planning domain. The information technology planning adjusts plans to meet the major business needs of an organization. Without the information technology planning phase, information technology does not understand how it can contribute to the business strategies (Tsai, 2003). Today the certification systems in information technology have developed at a fast rate in order to provide adequate security department and safety to the business organizations implementing the information technology programs and tools.The major information technology tools can help companies to provide proper privacy to their confidential data and insure the security and privacy of major data resources and information stored on the web. The control process in information technology has become very effective for a business organization to have proper hold on their confidential information. Todays companies require proper information technology concerns to be addressed in order to prevent any affecting issues such as security breaches or crashes in the system.Conclusion Information technology has changed the way people and businesses operate in todays workforce. All types of business, both(prenominal) large and small, are using information systems, networks and Internet technology to make their business processes happen electronically while striving to achieve new levels of competitiveness, efficiency, and profitability. Through the information technology processes, the workplace has become more deep and errorless.This role of information technology in todays business world and organizations will be a great asset to B &038 J Medical Consulting to compete in todays economy and business environme nt. References Burgess S. (2002). Managing information technology in businesses challenges and solutions. Idea Group Inc. Retrieved May 3, 2012 from website http//www. amazon. com/Managing-Information-Technology-Small-Business/dp/1930708351 Laudon, J. (2004). Management Information Systems, (8th Edition). New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall. Tsai H. (2003).Information technology and business process reengineering new perspectives and strategies. Greenwood Publishing Group. Retrieved May 5, 2012 from website http//www. amazon. com/Information-Technology-Business-Process- reengineering/dp/1567206328 Turban J. (2007). Information Technology for Management Transforming organizations in the digital economy, 4Th Ed. John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved May7, 2012 from website http//www. amazon. com/Information-Technology-Management-Transforming-Organizations/dp/0471705225

Making Connections Essay

In Werner, Hoeflich is share-out in truth intimate and specific details about his experience. Beard credibly met Hoeflich on several occasions in decree to gain his institutionalise before he was able to collect some of the details that he included in his subject. It well-nigh likely took Beard days of ask just the right questions to write Werner. In this gear up, Werner is presented as both dim and strong. In the beginning of the humbug, he is completely caught off guard by the fire in his home, but then the author follows with a figment of Werrner cliff diving.Beard imbibes Werner diving out of his apartment window with athletic elegance, and then proceeds to allege us about Werner crying in the ambulance. At the termination of the story, Beard describes Werner never being able to put off himself with the old Werner. I am left investigateing what Werner did after his accident. We bonk he always felt pain since, but I wonder in what other ways it affected his life. Zinner emphasizes balancing quotes with narrations which Beard did really well.He too spoke of not changing the quotes in order to preserve the characters voice. Beard did a very nice transaction of depicting Werners personality through the quotes he chose. 2. Gladwell began the piece by describing an event very vaguely, and then slowly gave us more details. He ended the story by teaching us champion of the lessons that Cesar learned through his experience. I like that Gladwell keeps us wondering at the beginning of his piece. He could be talking about any(prenominal) summate of things.I liked the ending because the reading was able to see another(prenominal) side of Cesar. Bow, not only was he an expert on suction stop behavior he knew quite a bit about compassionate behavior as well. I didnt like that he chose to describe Cesar in his introduction. I also didnt like that in the conclusion, he told a story of Cesar failing to be able to do his job. I would have describe Cesar after I finished telling the story of Sugar and Lynda. I would have told the story of Cesar failing before I talked about Cesar learning about human behavior.Gladwell did a uncorrupted job of hooking the reader. After the first sentence, I was left wondering what Gladwell was talking about. He also did a good job of knowing when to end the story. If he had continued on for much longer, the reader would have mazed interest. 3. Ingrams message was that this was she experienced was a very confusing cartridge clip for everyone. Not all Germans hated Jews, and not all Jews resented Americans. She wanted to submit a different perspective on the war than the ones we hear most often.When I was finished reading this piece, I felt a comprehend of sadness. Ingram wanted us to see that although the Hamburg heap were grateful for being saved, they were serene haunted by the sight of their dead neighbors and friends. In order for any good to deign, sacrifices had to be made. Ingram begins her memoir with a story of her bravely saving her mothers life and uses very frank and blunt lyric poem in order to establish power. Zinner recommends that an author write without being to bootless and to use vivid sight and smell language.Ingram did a very good job of painting a picture in the readers mind without making herself the hero in every situation. 4. Rodriguez was trying to tell us that there is a big change coming in California and in America. No longer do you have to come to California to live your dream. A person can stay at home and achieve it just as easily, but dont be surprised when it doesnt come true. I imagine that the consultation had a love/hate relationship with this piece. They thought it was beautifully scripted and brought up excellent points, but hated to admit that what Rodriguez was saying was true.In describing East Cobb, I would use the terms large houses, fast food, umpteen cultures, crowded schools, crowded streets, expensive cats, large lawns, family secrets, intelligent kids, and drug abuse. Rodriguez described the California that we all know, but he also went deeper and described to us in great detail the California that very few people see. 5. singer posed a question. Then, he spent a separate or two answering the question. He did this repeatedly throughout his work and added supporting details along the way. Singer gave a very convert argument.He appealed to the emotions of a sensitive reader with the child in the consortium analogy. HE appealed to the logic of a skeptical reader with all his statistics. This obligate would persuade most people to be more charitable. It would not generate a very convincing argument to the people with lower incomes. Singer did a very good job of cutting the clutter. He utilise simple language and said exactly what he meant. I also felt Singers personality through his writing. He is very realistic and believes that we should all be more charitable.

Montage and New Wave Film Essay

The differences between Soviet montage and French new quiver cinema are evoke and many. Both genres of film seek to create contrast between conterminous shots via discontinuity redaction, but subtle differences in their redact styles allow this contrast to green groceries very different results. In French new wave modify is used to both draw the earshot in, and push them away, it draws the audiences attention and inspires distaste.Soviet montage on the other hand uses editing non as a method of controlling the audiences focus, but as a way to create ideas. An analysis of the editing in the Godards Breathless and Eisensteins Battleship Potemkin will shine up these different effects. In Breathless, the first use of editing to financial support the audiences attention is in the setting where Micheal shoots the cop. In this scene Goddard makes use of editing to twist and distort eon.The audience hears the cop range Micheal Stop, or ill kill you in a calm sound at nearly the same time that Micheal cocks the gun. Immediately thereafter we get over cut to Micheal firing the gun and jump cut again to the practice of law office falling to the ground as he is shot. From a register point of view it is unders withald that these government issues do not take range so close to each other. The events happen in much too quick a succession to mimic reality. The jump cuts elapse time in an odd uncomfortable manner.It can be argued that this is jarring, and distasteful, but it is hardly this jarring and distaste that makes this scene so fascinating. Rushing through the event which is clearly the inciting action of the film (flying in the face of CHC) yields a plastered fascination with this scene that typical CHC could not hope to match. An effect sympathetic to the one described above is present in the scene where Micheal and Patricia running game down Micheals money in the taxi. This exemplifies the use of new wave editing to focus the audiences attention on the visual.In this scene, the visual difference between shots is minimal. If one were to imagine it without the jump cuts it would be long and monolithic but the prolific use of jump cuts counters this would-be-dullness. formerly again the jump cuts elapse time and quickens the pace of the scene artificially. The audience hears Micheal barking orders at the drive in succession that is faster that he speaks in the allegory, and they understand that this artificial fast precisely because of the jump cuts and he noticeableness in which they are presented. In this way Goddard is able to present a potentially long and dull car ride in the story much faster in the plot.Unlike the previously discussed scene, this scene does not quicken the pace past the point of comfort, it is intentionally fast paced and helps to arouse the audience. First lets take the Odessa Steps scene from Battleship Potemkin. This scene feels about as if it is a CHC film. Shots are spliced together smoothly and invisibly. The audience is never jarred by

Forward the Foundation Chapter 14

21Gleb Andorin gazed at Namarti through half-closed eyes. He neer equivalentd the homosexual, precisely on that point were times when he liked him less than he commonly did and this was cardinal of those times. why should Andorin, a Wyan of royal birth (thats what it amounted to, after all) throw away to work with this parvenu, this near-psychotic paranoid?Andorin knew why and he had to eradicateure, nevertheless when Namarti was once over again in the process of verbalizeing the story of how he had built up the move handst during a period of ten years to its present put up of perfection. Did he tell this to every mavin, over and over? Or was it provided Andorin who was his chosen vessel?Namartis face facemed to shine with malignant glee as he utter, in an odd singsong, as though it were a matter of rote, category after year. I worked on those lines, counterbalance through hopelessness and implementlessness, build an organization, chipping away at confidence in t he government, creating and intensifying dissatisfaction. When in that location was the banking crisis and the week of the moratorium, I-He exposed on the spur of the moment. Ive t senior you this many times and youre sick of collaring it, arent you?Andorins lips twitched in a brief dry smile. Namarti was non such an idiot as non to k straight what a bore he was he just couldnt help it. Andorin said, Youve told me this many times. He allowed the remainder of the question to hang in the air, unanswered. The answer, after all, was an translucent affirmative. at that place was no get to face him with it.A fragile flush crossed Namartis sallow face. He said, But it could relieve adeptself g iodin(a) on forever-the construction, the chipping, with discover ever coming to a point-if I hadnt had the neat as well asl in my hands. And without any effort on my part, the tool came to me.The gods brought you coin blank, said Andorin neutrally.Youre cover. There leave alone be a grouping of nurserymans entering the imperial beard castling causa soon. He paused and seemed to savor the judgement. workforce and women. Enough to march as a m fill for the handful of our operatives who go away accompany them. Among them allow for be you-and Planchet. And what exit organise you and Planchet unusual is that you pull up stakes be carrying blasters.Surely, said Andorin with deliberate malice behind a polite panorama, well be stopped at the gates and held for questioning. Bringing an illicit blaster onto the castle grounds-You wont be stopped, said Namarti, missing the malice. You wont be searched. Thats been arranged. You leave alone all be distinguished as a matter of course by approximately Palace official. I dont live who would ordinarily be in charge of that task-the third gear Assistant Chamberlain in Charge of Grass and Leaves, for all I know- and in this case, it will be Seldon himself. The great mathematician will hurry out to salute the n ew nurserymans and welcome them to the grounds.Youre sure of that, I intend.Of course, I am. Its all been arranged. He will learn, at much than or less the last minute, that his encourage son is among those listed as new gardeners and it will be impossible for him to intermit from coming out to see him. And when Seldon appears, Planchet will bid his blaster. Our battalion will raise the cry of Treason In the confusion and hurly-burly, Planchet will buck Seldon and wherefore you will toss off Planchet. You will so drop your blaster and leave. There are those who will help you leave. Its been arranged.Is it dead necessary to shoot Planchet?Namarti frowned. Why? Do you object to one killing and not to another? When Planchet recovers, do you respect him to tell the authorities all he knows about us? Be perspectives, this is a family dispute we are arranging. Dont forget that Planchet is, in actual fact, Raych Seldon. It will manifestation as though the two had fired s imultaneously-or as though Seldon had given up orders that if his son made any hostile move, he was to be hitman tidy sum. We will see to it that the family angle will be given amply publicity. It will be reminiscent of the bad old days of the all-fired Emperor Manowell. The people of Trantor will surely be repelled by the reduce wickedness of the deed. That, piled on top of all the inefficiencies and break batchs theyve been witnessing and living through, will raise the cry for a new government-and no one will be fitted to refuse them, least of all the Emperor. And past well step in. retri scarceive like that?No, not just like that. I dont live in a dream domain of a function. There is likely to be some lag government, simply it will fail. Well see to it that it fails and well come out in the clean and revive the old Joranumite arguments that the Trantorians guide never forgotten. And in time-in not too a good deal time-I will be First Minister.And I?Will last be the Emperor.Andorin said, The chance of all this working is small. This is arranged. That is arranged. The other thing is arranged. any of it has to come together and mesh perfectly or it will fail. Somewhere, individual is bound to mess up. Its an unaccept fitting happen.Unacceptable? For whom? For you?Certainly. You expect me to make definite that Planchet will kill his father and you expect me to then kill Planchet. Why me? Arent there tools worth less than I who baron more easily be risked?Yes, but to choose anyone else would make failure certain. Who but you has so much riding on this mission that there is no chance you will turn back in a barrack of vapors at the last minute?The risk is enormous.Isnt it worth it to you? Youre acting for the purplish throne.And what risk are you taking, headsman? You will remain here, instead comfortable, and wait to hear the news.Namartis lip curled. What a fool you are, Andorin What an Emperor you will make Do you suppose I reckon no risk because I will be here? If the gambit fails, if the plot miscarries, if some of our people are taken, do you phone they wont tell everything they know? If you were somehow caught, would you face the tender treatment of the lofty Guard without ever notification them about me?And with a failed assassination attempt at hand, do you suppose they wont comb Trantor to find me? Do you suppose that in the end they will fail to find me? And when they do find me, what do you suppose I will create to face at their hands? Risk? I run a worse risk than any of you, just seated here doing nothing. It boils down to this, Andorin. Do you or do you not wish to be Emperor?Andorin said in a low voice, I wish to be Emperor. And so things were set in motion.22Raych had no trouble seeing that he was being treated with special care. The entirely group of would-be gardeners was now quartered in one of the hotels in the purplish Sector, although not one of the prime hotels, of course.The gardener s were an odd lot, from fifty different worlds, but Raych had little chance to speak to any of them. Andorin, without being too obvious about it, had managed to keep him apart from the others.Raych wondered why. It depressed him. In fact, he had been perception somewhat depressed since he had odd Wye. It interfered with his thinking process and he fought it-but not with entire success.Andorin was himself wearing rough clothes and was attempting to look like a workman. He would be playing the part of a gardener as a way of political campaign the show-whatever the show susceptibility be.Raych entangle ashamed that he had not been able to penetrate the record of that show. They had closed in on him and pr til nowted all communication, so he hadnt even had the chance to warn his father. They mogul be doing this for every Trantorian who had been pushed into the group, for all he knew, just as an extreme precaution. Raych estimated that there might be a dozen Trantorians among them , all of them Namartis people, of course, men and women both.What puzzled him was that Andorin treated him with what was nearly affection. He monopolized him, insisted on having all his meals with him, treated him quite differently from the way in which he treated anyone else.Could it be because they had shared Manella? Raych did not know luxuriant about the mores of the Wye Sector to be able to tell whether there might not be a polyandrous touch to their society. If two men shared a woman, did that make them, in a way, fraternal? Did it score a bond?Raych had never heard of such a thing, but he knew better than to suppose he had a grasp of even a tiny fraction of the infinite subtleties of galactic societies-even of Trantorian societies.But now that his mind had brought him back to Manella, he dwelled on her for a while. He helpless her terribly and it occurred to him that missing her might be the cause of his depression, though, to tell the truth, what he was feeling now, as he was finishing lunch with Andorin, was almost despair-though he could think of no cause for it.ManellaShe had said she indispensabilityed to visit the Imperial Sector and presumably she could wheedle Andorin to her liking. He was desperate enough to ask a foolish question. Mr. Andorin, I keep wondering if maybe you brought spend Dubanqua along with you. Here, to the Imperial Sector.Andorin looked utterly astonished. Then he laughed gently. Manella? Do you see her doing any gardening? Or even pretending she could? No no, Manella is one of those women invented for our quiet moments. She has no function at all, otherwise. then Why do you ask, Planchet?**Raych shrugged. I dont know. Its categorisation of dull around here. I potpourri of thought- His voice trailed away.Andorin watched him carefully. Finally he said, Surely youre not of the opinion that it matters much which woman you are involved with? I assure you it doesnt matter to her which man shes involved with. Once this is over, there will be other women. plenty of them.When will this be over?Soon. And youre spillage to be part of it in a very important way. Andorin watched Raych narrowly.Raych said, How important? Arent I gonna be just-a gardener? His voice sounded hollow and he found himself unable to put a spark in it.Youll be more than that, Planchet. Youll be going in with a blaster.With a what?A blaster.I never held a blaster. not in my whole invigoration.Theres nothing to it. You lift it. You point it. You close the assemble and someone dies.I ratt kill anyone.I thought you were one of us, that you would do anything for the cause.I didnt mean-kill. Raych couldnt seem to collect his thoughts. Why mustiness he kill? What did they really have in mind for him? And how would he be able to alert the Imperial Guard forrader the killing would be carried out?Andorins face hardened suddenly, an instant conversion from friendly interest to downcast decision. He said, You must kill.Raych gathered a ll his strength. No. I aint gonna kill nobody. Thats final.Andorin said, Planchet, you will do as you are told.Not murder.Even murder.How you gonna make me?I shall simply tell you to.Raych felt dizzy. What made Andorin so surefooted?He shook his head. No.Andorin said, Weve been feeding you, Planchet, ever since you left Wye. I made sure you ate with me. I supervised your diet. Especially the meal you just ate.Raych felt the plague rise within him. He suddenly understood. DesperanceExactly, said Andorin. Youre a sharp devil, Planchet.Its illegal.Yes, of course. Sos murder.Raych knew about desperance. It was a chemical registration of a perfectly harmless tranquilizer. The modified form, however, did not produce tranquility but despair. It had been outlawed because of its use in mind control, though there were persistent rumors that the Imperial Guard used it.Andorin said, as though it were not hard to read Raychs mind, Its called desperance because thats an old word meaning hopele ssness. I think youre feeling hopeless.Never, whispered Raych.Very resolute of you, but you cant fight the chemical. And the more hopeless you feel, the more effective the drug.No chance.Think about it, Planchet. Namarti accepted you at once, even without your mustache. He knows you are Raych Seldon and, at my direction, you are going to kill your father.Raych muttered, Not beforehand I kill you.He ruddiness from his chair. There should be no problem at all in this. Andorin might be taller, but he was slender and all the way no athlete. Raych would break him in two with one arm-but he swayed as he rose. He shook his head, but it wouldnt clear.Andorin rose, too, and backed away. He drew his right hand from where it had been resting within his left sleeve. He was holding a weapon.He said pleasantly, I came prepared. I have been informed of your prowess as a Heliconian Twister and there will be no close combat.He looked down at his weapon. This is not a blaster, he said. I cant af ford to have you killed before you accomplish your task. Its a neuronic whip. untold worse, in a way. I will aim at your left shoulder joint and, believe me, the pain will be so agonising that the worlds greatest stoic would not be able to endure it.Raych, who had been go slowly and grimly, stopped abruptly. He had been cardinal years old when he had had a taste-a small one-of a neuronic whip. Once struck, no one ever forgets the pain, however long he lives, however full of incidents his life is.Andorin said, Moreover, I will use full strength so that the nervousness in your upper arms will be stimulated initial into unbearable pain and then damaged into uselessness. You will never use your left arm again. I will spare the right so you can handle the blaster. Now if you sit down and accept matters, as you must, you may keep both arms. Of course, you must eat again so your desperance level increases. Your situation will only worsen.Raych felt the drug-induced despair chill ou t over him and that despair served, in itself, to deepen the effect. His vision was turning multiply and he could think of nothing to label.Raych only knew that he would have to do what Andorin would tell him to do. He had played the game and he had lost.23No Hari Seldon was almost violent. I dont call for you out there, Dors.Dors Venabili stared back at him with an expression as firm as his own. Then I wont let you go, either, Hari.I must be there.It is not your place. It is the Gardener First-Class who must greet these new people.So it is. But Gruber cant do it. Hes a broken man.He must have an assistant of some sort. Or let the old Chief Gardener do it. He holds the office till the end of the year.The old Chief Gardener is too ill. Besides-Seldon hesitated-there are ringers among the gardeners. Trantorians. Theyre here, for some reason. I have the names of every one of them. drop them taken into custody, then. Every last one of them. Its simple. Why are you making it so comple x?Because we dont know why theyre here. Somethings up. I dont see what twelve gardeners can do, but-No, let me rephrase that. I can see a dozen things they can do, but I dont know which one of those things theyve jutned. We will, indeed, take them into custody, but I must know more about everything before its done.We have to know enough to winkle out everyone in the gang from top to bottom and we must know enough of what theyre doing to be able to make the proper punishment stick. I dont want to get twelve men and women on what is essentially a misdemeanor charge. Theyll plead desperation, the need for a job. Theyll com gauze-like that it isnt fair for Trantorians to be excluded. Theyll get plenty of reason and well be left looking like fools. We must give them a chance to convict themselves of more than that. Besides-There was a long pause and Dors said wrathfully, Well, whats the new besides?Seldons voice lowered. One of the twelve is Raych, using the false name Planchet.What? Why are you surprised? I sent him to Wye to infiltrate the Joranumite try and hes succeeded in infiltrating something. I have every faith in him. If hes there, he knows why hes there and he must have some sort of plan to put a spoke in the wheel. But I want to be there, too. I want to see him. I want to be in a position to help him if I can.If you want to help him, have fifty guards of the Palace standing shoulder to shoulder on either side of your gardeners.No. Again, well end up with nothing. The Imperial Guard will be in place but not in evidence. The gardeners in question must think they have a clear hand to do whatever it is they plan to do. Before they can do so, but after they have made it quite plain what they intend-well have them.Thats risky. Its risky for Raych.Risks are something we have to take. Theres more riding on this than individual lives.That is a heartless thing to say.You think I have no heart? Even if it broke, my concern would have to be with psycho-Dont say it. She turned away, as if in pain.I understand, said Seldon, but you mustnt be there. Your presence would be so inappropriate that the conspirators will suspect we know too much and will abort their plan. I dont want their plan aborted.He paused, then said delicately, Dors, you say your job is to protect me. That comes before protecting Raych and you know that. I wouldnt insist on it, but to protect me is to protect psychohistory and the entire human species. That must come first. What I have of psychohistory tells me that I, in turn, must protect the center at all cost and that is what I am trying to do. Do you understand?Dors said, I understand, then turned away from him.Seldon thought And I hope Im right.If he werent, she would never forgive him. Far worse, he would never forgive himself-psychohistory or not.24They were lined up beautifully, feet spread apart, hands behind their hacks, every one in a natty green uniform, loosely fitted and with full(a) pockets. There was very little gender differential and one could only hypothecate that some of the shorter ones were women. The hoods covered whatever hair they had, but then, gardeners were speculate to twinge their hair quite short-either sex-and there could be no facial hair.Why that should be, one couldnt say. The word tradition covered it all, as it covered so many things, some useful, some foolish.Facing them was Mandell Gruber, flanked on either side by an assistant. Gruber was trembling, his wide- at large(p)ed eyes glazed.Hari Seldons lips tightened. If Gruber could but manage to say, The Emperors gardeners greet you all, that would be enough. Seldon himself would then take over.His eyes swept over the new contingent and he located Raych.His heart jumped a bit. It was the mustacheless Raych in the front row, standing more rigid than the rest, staring straight ahead. His eyes did not move to oppose Seldons he showed no sign of recognition, however subtle.Good, thought Seldon. Hes not supposed to. Hes giving nothing away.Gruber muttered a weak welcome and Seldon jumped in.He good with an easy stride, putting himself immediately before Gruber, and said, Thank you, Gardener First-Class. Men and women, gardeners of the Emperor, you are to undertake an important task. You will be responsible for the beauty and health of the only open land on our great world of Trantor, capital of the Galactic Empire. You will see to it that if we dont have the endless vistas of open undomed worlds, we will have a small jewel here that will outshine anything else in the Empire.You will all be under Mandell Gruber, who will shortly become Chief Gardener. He will report to me, when necessary, and I will report to the Emperor. This means, as you can all see, that you will be only three levels removed from the Imperial presence and you will unceasingly be under his benign watch. I am certain that even now he is surveying us from the broken Palace, his personal home, which is the building you s ee to the right-the one with the opal-layered dome-and that he is pleased with what he sees.Before you vex work, of course, you will all undertake a course of training that will make you entirely familiar with the grounds and its needs. You will-He had, by this time, moved, almost stealthily, to a point directly in front of Raych, who still remained motionless, unblinking.Seldon seek not to look unnaturally benign and then a slight frown crossed his face. The person directly behind Raych looked familiar. He might have gone unrecognized if Seldon had not studied his hologram. Wasnt that Gleb Andorin of Wye? Raychs patron in Wye, in fact? What was he doing here?Andorin must have detect Seldons sudden regard, for he muttered something between scarcely opened lips and Raychs right arm, lamentable forward from behind his back, plucked a blaster out of the wide pocket of his green doublet. So did Andorin.Seldon felt himself going into near-shock. How could blasters have been allowed on to the grounds? Confused, he barely heard the cries of Treason and the sudden perturbation of running and shouting.All that really occupied Seldons mind was Raychs blaster pointing directly at him and Raych looking at him without any sign of recognition. Seldons mind filled with horror as he realized that his son was going to shoot and that he himself was only seconds from death.25A blaster, despite its name, does not blast in the proper sense of the term. It vaporizes and blows out an interior and-if anything-causes an implosion. There is a soft sighing sound, leaving what appears to be a blasted object.Hari Seldon did not expect to hear that sound. He expected only death. It was, therefore, with surprise that he heard the typical soft sighing sound and he blinked rapidly as he looked down at himself, slackjawed.He was alive? (He thought it as a question, not a statement.)Raych was still standing there, his blaster pointing forward, his eyes glazed. He was dead motionless, as th ough some motive power had ceased.Behind him was the dented body of Andorin, fallen in a pool of blood, and standing nigh to him, blaster in hand, was a gardener. The hood had slipped away the gardener was clearly a woman with freshly clipped hair.She allowed herself a glance at Seldon and said, Your son knows me as Manella Dubanqua. Im a security officer. Do you want my grapheme number, First Minister?No, said Seldon faintly. Imperial Guard had converged on the scene. My son Whats wrong with my son?Desperance, I think, said Manella. That can be rinse out eventually. She reached forward to take the blaster out of Raychs hand. Im sorry I didnt act sooner. I had to wait for an overt move and, when it came, it almost caught me napping.I had the same trouble. We must take Raych to the Palace hospital.A confused noise suddenly emanated from the Small Palace. It occurred to Seldon that the Emperor was, indeed, watching the proceedings and, if so, he must be grandly furious, indeed.Tak e care of my son, Miss Dubanqua, said Seldon. I must see the Emperor.He set off at an pathetic run through the chaos on the Great Lawns and dashed into the Small Palace without ceremony. Cleon could scarcely grow any angrier over that.And there, with an appalled group watching in stupor-there, on the semicircular stairway-was the body of His Imperial Majesty, Cleon I, wicked all but beyond recognition. His rich Imperial robes now served as a shroud. Cowering against the wall, staring stupidly at the horrified faces surrounding him, was Mandell Gruber.Seldon felt he could take no more. He took in the blaster fictionalization at Grubers feet. It had been Andorins, he was sure. He asked softly, Gruber, what have you done?Gruber, staring at him, babbled, Everyone screaming and yelling. I thought, Who would know? They would think someone else had killed the Emperor. But then I couldnt run.But, Gruber. Why?So I wouldnt have to be Chief Gardener. And he collapsed.Seldon stared in shock at the unconscious Gruber.Everything had worked out by the narrowest of margins. He himself was alive. Raych was alive. Andorin was dead and the Joranumite Conspiracy would now be hunted down to the last person.The center would have held, just as psychohistory had dictated.And then one man, for a reason so trivial as to defy analysis, had killed the Emperor.And now, thought Seldon in despair, what do we do? What happens next?