Social and Linguistic aspects of immigration Essay

Social and Linguistic aspects of immigration - Essay ExampleThe latter encompassing a birth certificate of citizenship, but one that is subject to disfranchisement by pagan values and traditions. french Muslims, especially the young first and second generation, felt themselves trapped within the bounds of a cultural tradition from which they remained markedly separated from because of their place of birth, and a social environment that ostracized them because of their cultural traditions.The Columbia news media Review reported that Many French watched the television news reports of last years riots in the suburbs of Paris with a sense of non-recognition, as though the chiaroscuro footage of hooded figures and burning cars was being relayed from a country thousands of miles outdoor(a) (Harding, 2006). This would be the French response, since the French stand indignant at the public displays of social maladies that rise to the heighten of the press in other countries on a regular basis, always quick to offer their reprimand of a lack of diversity. This is in part what has contributed to the worlds perception of France as being progressive tense and progressive in its own response to cultural diversity. However, now the world watched as suburbs within sound minutes of Paris burned and private property was being destroyed. Journalist Jeremy Harding commented, It was hard to connect the assault of news images with the streets, the projects, and the people I was seeing with my own eyes, on the margins of a capital plunged into anxiety by almost a month of unrest that had spread to many of Frances provisional cities (Harding, 2006).This was a precise empathetic reporting, but the problem it poses, the question it raises, is why were French citizens unaware of the conditions in which the protesters were living, and unaware of the variation in services and employment that they experienced as compared to the same services

Globalization and Multinational Corporations Essay

Globalization and Multinational Corporations - Essay ExampleThe globalization innovation does not reveal the ch wholeenges leaving the companies to look at the positive side of the concept. There be very more charge challenges due to polar cultural issues and government intervention in diverse nations. As it will be discussed in the paper, countries differ in their levels of technology, development, availability of labour and resources and policies targeting trade and taxation. two local and global companies normally do not have the right information concerning such issues thusly end up making the wrong decisions in location and strategies (Karsten, 2000, pp.120-134). The best example of a international company to use is the Coca Cola Company as it has gone through very many challenges as it was in its race to meeting the global concept.Global strategy is defined in crinkle as guidelines of an organisation to globalisation. For a firm to succeed in expanding globally it requ ires to define the extent to which it send packing expand its service and products provision. Local and global enterprises are facing a lot of challenges in expanding globally and this does not leave out the Coca Cola Company. The decisions Coca Cola makes on where it needs to turn up its business are highly affected by the fact it usually defines how far it needs to allocate. many an(prenominal) multinational organisations that are failing expand unnecessarily. This occurs because of the lack of complete information on the different frugal status of different nations. This limits them in attaining competitive advantage within the corporate world (Gupta, 2008, pp. 20-21). Strategic perplexity Strategic centering entails to plan and forecast, command, control, co-ordinate and organize. It is important for organizations to practice effective modes of management to ensure that at the end of the day they achieve their main objective profit making. Though strategic management entai ls all this conditions, it is unequivocal that they are not practised in all organisations globally. This is so because countries differ in their bridal of management strategies. This makes it hard for an organisation in a well established country that practises high management concepts to incorporate the concepts in another country that has not yet implemented them (Ghoshal, 1987, pp. 425-440). However, with Coca Cola organism a multinational company for a very long time, it has identified that different areas need different ways of management though people are being urged to embrace global ways of management. rail line courses and beliefs are very different in all nations. For instance, in developing countries, the business courses are noncurrent and it is only recently that they are trying to educate its people on the global strategic management principles. Many organisations that want to expand globally are misled by believing that all nations embrace the concept globalisatio n thus they set up their businesses in different localities only to find that they do not use the global strategies of management. This makes them to lag behind in making profits because they lack competent individuals to employ. It is evident that for a business to flourish there must be availability of labour within the area. whatsoever multinational entities are forced to employ individuals from other countries which is a more expensive strategy because they necessary a high pay for relocating from their native homes (Ghauri, 1995, pp.

Family Price Fears as Petrol Predicted to Climb to $2 a Litre Article - 4

Family Price Fears as Petrol Predicted to move up to $2 a Litre - Article ExampleOil is a subject which has always been the nitty-gritty of attention in economics. There are a plethora of theories and concepts which apply to this case study, but for transiences sake, we pass on limit ourselves to just a few. These include the following The use of relevant diagrams will be made so as to establish the key facts unequivocally. Although there can be to a greater extent concepts, the discussion will just be limited to inflation and its reasons, and the counteraction of the deteriorating price levels due to modify rate differentials. We have already witnessed an oil crisis in the not so distant past when the prices went up to $147 per barrel in 2008. Back then, the prices were elevated primarily due to speculative positions are taken by investors and speculators. Todays situation, however, it differs from the previous one due to the fact that this is an issue driven purely due to econ omics. The Middle East region accounts for a majority of the terra firmas oil-producing countries. Since this region has come chthonic a lot of turmoil, the supply of oil has been witnessing bottlenecking and this has caused mass panic in the developed and developing economies the world over, to the point where alarmingly high buying is taking place. This aggressive buying by various nationsis impulsive the prices of crude oil higher and higher. When we break it down on the most primitive levels, we see cardinal things happening simultaneously. The first is that there is a very apparent shortage of oil as millions of place per days are not being produced. Secondly, these supply shocks are triggering investors, companies and even governments to buy large militia of oil to ensure that they have adequate supply in the coming months.

Organisation of Engineering Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Organisation of Engineering Business - Essay utilisationThey offer these go both in the private and the public sector (Interforum, 2003). D&W stick outs services in several development sector including energy performance and analysis, site infra structure and assure planning, in the commercial and residential establishments, and in the health and the education centre. Apart from where their offices are located, D&W has also carried out work in Russia, United Arab Emirates, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia.D&W has recently get the ISO 14001 accreditation beca commit of a balanced approach towards sustainable development and soci eachy responsible design in all their projects. They attempt to create inherently low energy buildings and use low carbon technology as a vital part of the modern design. Because of their contri justion towards a greener environment, D&W has received The one thousand Organization Award from greenbusiness.ie for the year 2009. This demonstrates the companys commi tment to a sustainable environment.D&W has also invested in information technology, which is essential for their core business. Until 1994, technology was used only sparingly but the management realized that technology could help to streamline its business processes. This in turn would help them to provide enhanced service to their customers. To improve staff communication, they installed a Wide Area Network (WAN) which could link its computers and the telecom system across all its offices (UKonline, 2003). All the sites now work as a team, exchanging information, and they also use technology to discuss CAD drawings with clients. The company has substantially reaped the benefits of their IT investment. It has helped to reduce their print and travel cost by 500 per month (Interforum, 2003). Because of their ability to share information, productivity has enhanced by 20 percent.The process of diversify at D&W has been incremental and has not taken

Movie Review - There will be Blood Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

- There will be blood - Movie Review ExampleDaniel Plainview is even proud to let people know that his life revolves slightly the crimes he committed as this was evident in his charismatic lifestyle. Every man must draw and quarter what they sow and this was the case of Daniel as the evil that he did lived after him. It all started in 1902, when Daniel Plainview, a miner discovered anele and sets up his own oil drilling company and after some period, he lost one of his workers, whose son, H.W (Dillon Freasier) he later adopted. Events began to unfold as Plainview was intimated by Paul sunshine of the front line of oil in his family field in Little Boston, California (Daniel Day-Lewis, Paul Dano, Kevin J. OConnor, Ciaran Hinds & Dillon Freasier).Plainview saw the oil site in Paul Sundays (Paul Dano) Little Boston as a considerably way to make money and he took a trip to the city. He met the disapproval of Paul Sundays twin brother, Eli Sunday, whose role was also played by P aul Dano and he had to seek the consent of their father in obtaining the domain of a function. After procuring the land, oil exploration started and it was nosooner that evil started manifesting in the land and it makes one think that the land must have been a cursed land. One of the workers on the land was accidently killed in the course of the oil exploration and this was one of the many evil that was in the film. An explosion later happened, that made Plainviews adopted son, H.W somewhat deaf (Daniel Day-Lewis, Paul Dano, Kevin J. OConnor, Ciaran Hinds & Dillon Freasier).Daniel Plainviews evil started manifesting when he and his son travelled to New Boston, California to meet a preacher named, Eli Sunday and tells him of his ambition of drilling the oil in their family land, something that Eli Sunday accepted reluctantly not knowing that Daniel had some evil in him. Eli Sunday accepted Daniels proposal based on the condition that he would help blood his

Utopia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Utopia - Term authorship ExampleAs the definition says, most of these schemes are impractical. John Stuart Mill, an English philosopher and economist created the word Dystopia to exist the opposite of Utopia. Dystopian is defined as an imaginary place or state in which the checker of life is extremely bad, as from deprivation, oppression, or terror. In September 1836 Frederick Henry Hedge, Ralph Waldo Emerson, George Ripley and George Putnam formed a order of magnitude for like-minded thinkers to meet and discuss their ideas. They called the club the Hedges Club because most meetings took place at Hedges home. It was the citizens of Concord who were not members who named the club the Transcendental Club. They saw the members as being unworldly, detached from society and inactive. early(a) members included Henry David Thoreau and Nathaniel Hawthorne. The club was not like the usual club, holding only occasional, informal meetings. It unopen after(prenominal) 1840, although the members kept in touch. The Transcendentalists lived in a clock of transition in the United States. It was the time between the Revolutionary war, and building toward the Civil War. As the country was moving towards the early 1850s, America was in the period of the greatest prosperity prior to the Civil War. Several members of the club had very definite ideas of what an beau ideal society and individual should be, and several of the members tried building their own Utopian ideals, hoping they would be models for the developing modernistic country. 2. Ralph Waldo Emerson Emerson was born on May 25, 1803, educated at Harvard College and taught at his brothers school for unexampled ladies in Boston after graduating in 1821. He returned to Harvard Divinity School in 1825. In 1829 he was ordained as a minister and married his first wife, Ellen Tucker. For three years he was a Unitarian minister at Bostons Second Church. He left over(p) shortly after the death of his wife, and travele d to Europe, where he met English Transcendentalists Wordsworth, Coleridge, J.S. Mill and Thomas Carlyle. Ralphs philosophy of life was influenced by his time spent with these men. When he returned to Boston, he began a new career as a reviewer and was very successful. He married Lidian Jackson in 1835, and together they had four children. Emerson relocated his family to Concord Massachusetts. Emerson is considered to be the leader of the Transcendentalist in Concord. His social ideal was a utopia based on private property, where for each one psyche could live a simple, solitary life of a farmer or craftsman. Self-reliance should be the purpose of all mankind. Ralph believed in the importance of being in touch with nature. He mat that only in solitude was a man free to think freely. A deeply religious man, he left the church because he felt it was no longer relevant to the modern world of his day. He felt that the church had not progressed with man, and that it had become oppre ssive, deadening the spirit. In his speech to the Divinity School graduates, he asked the graduates to evanesce new life into the old forms of their religion. He told them to be friends with, and set good examples for their parishioners. Emerson advised them to listen to their parishioners because each person had their own thoughts, liked to be recognized and their opinions heard. His views were not popular with the church, and he was

Access to abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Access to spontaneous stillbirth - Essay Examplethough there is a law that legalized, but once the Health Minister in the country, during the Liam Fox, in 2001, had called for alternatives to abortion legalization in UK, if its cannot entirely abolished.The proclamation done by Fox in 2001, has been seen as an struggle by the conservative to seek the donjon of people on the religious basis on tackling the issue, beingness he is among members of the Tories.Many other Conservative leaders in UK hand continued to disparage on the abortion issue, such as William Hague, who had also known as anti-abortion personal that also spoke on the need to introduce strict Laws against abortion.Mean firearm, the UKs women in recent years who have adapt to accept miscarriage as an alternative in their lives, have gotten to continue to maintained the subject matter, under a woman well(p) to favor, which has giving them the mandate of choosing their destiny in life.Investigation conducted, has shows that most of the British citizens were supporting pay off for choice for the women in their pursuit to self legal abortion. The investigation further noted that about 77percent of the citizens are in the support for that.However, the investigation on this matter further quoted some facts from a source, which has encourages women in the United Kingdom who have the interest of making abortion to be more courageous over their zeal. Their campaign for legalization of abortion in the country, has gained the support of some dignitaries within the country, health practitioners, organizations, union and many others that are playing important roles to humanity.A (Press Release) for the Campaign for modern abortion law, states The Campaign which is backed by many peers, doctors, nurses, commoveual sex organizations, trade unions, artists, and students, is calling forAbortion to be available at the request of a womanAnd terminal to unacceptable delays in service provisionAnd end to m inority anti-choice attacks on current abortion remediateAll the encouragement that women in the UK get to remain on their zeal to abortion is derived from the Pro-Choice Organizations, while they adapt to such campaigns to ensure they do not allow themselves to become victims of pregnancy and delivery.Women on their arguments and facts in seeking for self legal abortion in UK, states that as human beings, they should be given the right to make their self decision on how to take care of their lives. Additionally, they argued that by legalizing the use of contraceptive and the abortion right, they would now have a very wider opportunity to vow on toward seeking for education without interruptions, social, and sparing goods for themselves.Another argument from the women and those that are supporting the act of abortion in the UK, states that female should be allowed to choose whether to bear pregnancy or abort it, which according to them, only by doing so, there will be no gender Eq uality as it has been propagating worldwide. Further more, they argued that as long as women are dependent from

Effective Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effective acquirement - Essay ExampleStudents frustrations terminate be attributed to their lack of knowledge regarding the scope, limitations, and challenges of online teaching along with the drawbacks of the attainment program and political platform. defeats and Needs of Online Learners The number of online learning programs has dramatically increased over the last two decades. Subsequently, the cases of students frustrations also have increased to a gravid extent in a way that hinders their educational opportunities. As Hara and Kling (1999) point out, the paucity of prompt feedback is ace of the potential causes of student frustration in web-based learning. Learners autonomy in this regard often turns to be an assay to their own active interaction with the tutor when there is no specific login time for learning activities. Frustration is the outcome when there are no clearly stated instructions and guidelines. In that context, a uninfected student, normally who is not a computer savvy threads disappointed of the unfamiliar learning system. Lack of technological expertise along with the complexity of the learning interface can intensify the frustration and stress. Strategies for Effective Online Learning First of all, as a learner you must understand that online classes, no matter whether synchronous or asynchronous, differ a lot from traditional classrooms and learning methods. Online learning normally is not bound to stipulations, and therefrom this in turn increases learners responsibility in meeting their own needs. As noted in the Illinois Online internet database (2010), the major problems with online learning usually fall into several categories including but not limited to technology, the facilitator, the online environment, the students, the administration and faculty, the curriculum etc. In order to get rid of the current stress, you must identify in which of the to a higher place areas your learning problem persists. If you find that lack of technical skill has limited your learning potential, it is advisable to get assistance from a third party. This can be a friend or a sexual intercourse who would teach you the essential things in no time. As Brosche (2010, p. 70) reminds, if you find that the instructions are ambiguous, do not hesitate to request clarifications from the facilitators before you start doing things, because well begun is half d integrity. Another thing you ought to do is to identify what type of a learner you are. People, based on their learning habits can be categorise into dependent learners, independent learners, competitive learners, collaborative learners, participative learners, avoidant learners etc (Stavredes, 2011, p. 18). For instance, as Stavredes (2011) points out, if you are a competitive learner, you will be interested in attending tests and getting grades. In contrast, if you are a collaborative learner, you will same(p) group works, interactions, and discussions. Participati ve learners are usually interested in class discussions and hence concerned about learning environment whereas avoidant learners are normally driven by strict deadlines and punishments for not meeting them (pp. 18-19). Obviously, you belong to one of these groups, and identifying your position would help you overcome the current frustration. To illustrate, if you believe that you are a competitive learner having heavy(p) zeal in tests and results, other activities like collaborative programs may annoy you, for the outcome of your effort would be a bit disappointing one. However,

The History and Development of the English Language Essay

The History and Development of the English Language - judge ExampleHe translated many of the French and Latin works into the Middle English opening the horizons of noesis even for the ordinary reader who could understand neither French nor Latin. It is generally believed that Chaucer wrote in the London patois of the ME of his time his writings, were, therefore meant for the Londoners (Freeborn 1998, p. 231). This paper seeks to analyze the linguistic features in Chaucers The Franklins Tale with finicky reference to its rhyme, metric form, use of suffixes, spelling, vocabulary change, foreign influences, morphological differences, syntax and other grammatical features. Elaborating on the rhyme and metric form employed by Chaucer Schofield states that The Franklins Tale is in couplets, not strophes, and has nevertheless such interpolations as are regular in Chaucers work (Schofield 2006, P. 182). Each of the couplets in the humbug rhymes each other words such as kinrede- dread, distresse- worthiness, obeysaunce- penaunce, accord-lord etc very well file that the poem is written in couplets. One also need to understand that in many cases terminal (-e) suffixes in these words are not marked even though in certain cases they create a separate syllable. As Freeborn observes, it shows that in Chaucers day, some final (-e) suffixes were pronounced, and some were not, variable from one dialect area to another as the last of Old English suffixes finally disappeared in pronunciation, and so changed the grammar of the language. Chaucer had a choice which helped him in making his lines of verse flow easily. However, when reading his verse, remember that a final (-e) before a word beginning with a vowel or is elided, and not pronounced. (Freeborn 1998, p. 239). However, one should keep in mind that this final (-e) contributed to an additional syllable in his metric formation.

A Hard Days Night Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A ticklish Days Night - Essay ExampleTheir film, A Hard Days Night portrays those values and how they handled them. This essay will try to show why the Beatles film, A Hard Days Night reflected the values of the 1960s in America.The American culture in the 1960s was fueled by baby boomers of the world war two. This youthful population made the beatles more popular because their fan base was huge. They liked to do things their own way and expressed themselves more viciously. The beatles came with a different kind of music that endeared to them because of the message it pictured. The beatles messages questioned the old society norms, thus making the sixties propagation want to explore what was forbidden by their parents (A Hard Days Night (1964) IMDb). The messages were of self realization, perk up and drugs.In the film, A Hard Days Night by the beatles reflects some of the values that the sixties American used to practice. Different ikons portray different values that the Americ an expressed. The train station scene where the beatles was chased down the Marylebone station, portrays how the sixties liked fame (A Hard Days Night (1964) IMDb). They liked to join themselves with celebrities. The beatles enjoyed being famous and the limelight.In another scene at the press conference, the beatles seemed to enjoy the spotlight. They are flanked by reporters who want to sell their story. The questions asked are primarily youthful and seem to ender the young population. This brings about the theme of the beatles vs adults. The questions asked, were to do with fashion, love and the fame they are experiencing. During the sixties, this was what drove the youth. It was fashionable to let your hair grow and wear certain pants. This was what the beatles portrayed to the world.The night club scene, where the lads sneak out of their hotel room to go have some fun at a twist club. The beatles blatantly disobeyed

Emotional Intelligence as Applied to Sales Essay

Emotional information as Applied to Sales - Essay ExampleIn the first example, I went with three companions to shake breakfast at a local pancake house. While a waitress position is oft thought of as a service, it is important to remember that part of her job is selling a choke visit. Our waitress met us with a pleasant attitude and projected friendliness. She seemed to immediately pick up on the individual mood of the person she was addressing and adjust her responses accordingly. This was d unrivalled verbally as well as non-verbally by the use of expression and body movement. I felt welcome, familiar, and comfortable.Her level of service was excellent and she seemed to have a sense of what was needed and when it was needed. She refilled the coffee in a timely fashion at various points in the meal and checked at the appropriate times to see if we needed anything else. She also inquired shortly after(prenominal) we began to eat whether everything was all right. The order was correct and the food was on the same high level as the waitress.By observing this waitress and evaluating her service it became clear that she had a high degree of EI. This trait enabled her to harbinger our needs and follow the three well-off rules of sales. She could adjust her communication to make you feel familiar. This was accomplished by means of slight verbal variations and facial expressions that felt warm and non-threatening. In addition, she had fulfilled her responsibility to the restaurant by selling a return visit and creating a repeat customer. The Tire Salesmen I had accompanied a friend of mine to a Wal-Mart store to get new tires installed on his car. Before we left the house, we collect all the information we needed regarding the tire size and style that he wanted to purchase. At the store, there were two employees behind the counter that were simply standing there while we looked everywhere the inventory. My friend had distinct to get a tire one size large r than the tires that were on the car, which had come with minimum tires as a cost saving measure. We inquired about the location of the tires and the employee motioned in the area and said all the tires are over there. He offered no assistance in explaining the various prices, styles, and applications for the tires. We finally located the tires we were looking for at an pleasant price. However, when we brought the car inside he said he couldnt sell them because Wal-Mart has a store policy of except selling and mounting the manufacturers original size. They showed little if any compassion or emotions about our dilemma. His attitude was one of neglect and uncaring. His level of emotional intelligence was very low, and he was subsequently forced to violate the golden rules of selling. While we understood that he was following store policy, he didnt seem to care about the disturbance we had gone through. The Carpet InstallerI recently helped an acquaintance of mine move about furni ture when she was having some new carpet installed in her home. She was having the whole house carpeted and it required shuffling furniture almost as the installers worked. The installer had the foresight to make a visit to the home prior to installation to advise my friend on the sequence of rooms and where the furniture could be moved to as he progressed. This simple flavor was extremely helpful and

Jackson Pollock as an artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

capital of Mississippi Pollock as an fraudist - Essay ExampleJackson Pollock introduced a raw metamorphism in the post world war two era of craftistic production because he came up with new diversification of abstract art and figurative imagery. App arently he introduced the new concept of abstract art in which concepts of pour impression were introduced. As an artist he revolutionized the field of art in America callable to his unique style of painting in whole body was involved. As an artist there are two phases of him in which he transformed. Firstly he was staunch advocate of representational art functional like that of Picasso and his role models were mural art do works of Mexi cannister artist but then his life took a new turn when he married a famous artist named Krasner.After marriage his thought process evolved and he worked in a new domain known as leave out painting. Drip painting involved using of the most unconventional forms of art ever practiced. IT was later known as meet painting. Jackson used to pour the paint on the canvas and let the drippings freeze so that they can give a good look on the canvas. Literally everything could be used as clang from a simple lipstick to a hardened brush from a tree. Jackson Pollock finally became characterized by this technique and used it at maximum optimal usage. It is because of Jackson Pollock that world of art saw the alluring forms of adroitness like sand painting and under- painting. victimization of gestures, which was later became a veracious field in art deployed the concept of gestural lines through which all the mess of three views, foreground, undercoat and side view was vanished. Jackson said that the lines should be used in such(prenominal) a instruction the viscosity of the fluid can be used optimally. He also started a new technique in the design process which used painting the canvas horizontally rather than vertically in order to save the paint and color combinations. Jackson Pollock really did massive services to art because of his ideas, people started to perceive the canvas as a workspace where they can actually perform some art at run time rather than fair(a) sticking to the conventional ways to follow and truckle a design. Jackson Pollock was later on appreciated by many gurus of art and he is regarded as pioneer of action painting in the modern era. Jackson Pollock in his private life As a man in his personal life, he can be regarded as a person exceptionally volatile. Because of his early tough life and childhood, he could never get a chance to actually settle to a routine or idea. He is said to be inebriate excessively, cruise and agile personality. Drinking became the main cause of his accidental death later on and this great legend of art was no more with us to draw his talent on the canvas. I am Nature Jackson Pollock just used to entwine nature in his art works. in one case he said to an artist on a reaction to a demand which said to work more outside the nature, I am nature. The meaning of this quote can be easy seen by having few glimpses of his canvas. He just used to dwell in the art work and drip the paint, swayed his body all around and made maximum use of nature to express what was inside him. Using of tree brushes, syringes to paint, and leaves to depict is a sign that point towards an ideology, which later on made some standards in the modern American field of art. Jackson Pollock was of the view that art work should be such painted that it does not need explanations, technical faults, unnecessary details rather the viewer can further admire the allure of the scene just like he does when he sees a bed of roses. The captivating beauty of abstract art and action painting by Jackson Pollock approves this thesis if we just have a birds eye view of such of his masterpieces. Pensive feathers, animal dancing, springs of massive island are examples of his love for nature. Quote There are numerous and ample quot es of Jackson Pollock virtually abstract art because this was his primary field of interest. Choice is difficult to make among so many discriminating quotes but one

Critically analyse the midwives role in relation to the administration Essay - 1

Critically analyse the midwives role in semblance to the administration of epidural anaesthesia - Essay Example(2004), the concentration of the anesthetic(a) that is utilise to prevent or block the propagation of the stimuli from the uterus and birth canal vary from one case to the other.Higher doses are employ when the mobility of the stimuli is to be fully blocked. Despite the advantages of this technique that has been commonly used during stab, it is also associated with some problems. Some of the cognise problems take shivering, fever, cardiovascular depression as well as retention of urine in the patients bladder. The anaesthetic can be administered through a bolus, continuous infusion or through PCP.PCP refers to the use of a patent controlled pump.According to Benfield (2002), the last ten years, about 24 % of women have used epidural analgesia during labour in the United Kingdom. In addition to this, about 60 % of those women who underwent assistive delivery also used this technique. Midwives do play an important role during the administration of epidural analgesia. Most of the roles are focused on monitoring the women to ensure their overall well being. The NICE guidelines lay out the duties and responsibilities of the midwives during the administration of epidural analgesia. The midwives work up in collaboration with obstetricians and anaesthetist in the maternity clinics. All these three professionals have their specific duties that are concisely and clearly laid down in the NNC guidelines (Nursing & Midwifery Council 2014). The midwife, just like the other professionals incessantly follows these guidelines when caring for the pregnant women in labour who are being given epidural analgesia as a way of relieving the pain that result from the contraction of the birth canal and the uterus.The midwife, working with the obstetrician and anaesthetist whitethorn consider epidural analgesia for the expectant women for several reasons. Some of the r easons why this can be done include maternal request, prolonged and painful labour, multiple pregnancy and anticipated instrumental

Introduction to Business Law examples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Business natural law examples - Essay ExampleThese included details like the apartment description, assumement terms, lease period as well as certain restriction or house rules which both parties had to follow. Fourth, both parties have the power to enter into a contract given that are both past the age of majority, which in near states in the US is set at 18 years old (Emerson, 2003). Lastly, the said contract was well-grounded because it was in accordance with public policy (Miller & Jentz, 2004), i.e. we ensured that no law was violated in relation with our agreement.2. make unnecessary a short contract to bear service to someone. You may request for monetary reimbursement or something else of compeer value from the other party. Make certain that your work satisfies the basic requirements of a legal contract.That Mr / Ms (Your name) binds himself to provide lawn mowing services to Mr / Ms (Your neighbors name) every Saturday at 8 a.m. at the latters residenc e located at (Your neighbors address) in consideration of the monthly service fee amounting to two hundred dollars ($200.00)3. You invite a painter over to your home to discuss some painting that needs to be done. You discuss what needs to be painted, the want color scheme, and the final price. Nothing is written down. You agree on the terms and the painter then performs the work, for which you pay him. Have you entered into a contract If so, what typeGiven that both parties ha

Nonaligned Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Nonaligned Movement - essay ExampleAs the world continues to trail towards policies that aim to resolve the problems of capitalist overproduction, there is a increase propensity to establish avenues that will resolve it. These avenues argon neo-colonialism, liberalization, trade multi-lateral agreements (i.e. GATT-WTO), and securing the cooperation of third world nations in wander for their smooth operation. However, the current global order is also characterized by hard-core terrorism, of which the Muslim fundamentalists are culprits, socialist-led movements that rattle the global system, global poverty, and third world underdevelopment. All of these characterize the politics of the 21st century and NAMs relevance vis--vis all these is the concern of this paper.Todays world politics may be described as turbulent. Turbulent in a sense that problems besetting world imperialism have driven the first world nations to modify certain imperialistic tactics out of a pursuit to dispose effectively their problems of overproduction. The world hegemony has transformed itself into a youthful pattern, in which although the Cold War has ended for more than fifteen years now, imperialist tactics compliments to maintain their domination in the world. This is due to the inherent character of the capitalist system in which these states are founded, and the likewise inherent character of the imperialist order to dominate the world economy in the earned run average of neo-colonialism. Laying down this position, it is important to link the political schemes of imperialist states with their economic activities since there is a colossal connection between the two as exemplified by the construct of political economy (Gilpin, 1987). The political pursuits of states in the 21st century are geared towards improving the capitalist market and disentangling themselves from a boom-bust market globe like what Japan has experienced with its Bubble economy during the 90s (Brenner, 2003 ). This is caused by the very capitalistic character of the system, twain locally and globally. The 21st century laissez faire allows industrialized nations to thrive for more lucrative outcomes of globalization, in which all nations, including pitiable ones, are participants (Bonner, 2004). It may be pointed out that newer and more effective political gelds are introduced by the economically leading nations in addressing the boundless problem of economic surpluses, the natural outcomes of unplanned and massive production in the capitalist structure. In resolving this problem, the presence of regional organizations preempts leading nations ion performing unlikely conducts like require domination, which were the favourable occurrences of the world history in the past (Keohane and Nye, 2004). Regional organization, thus, act like world police that check on the conduct of nations whose proper behavior exemplify their being carriers of democracy. Democracy, being the leading politi cal ideology, has beset a new trend in dealing with world conflicts. Alongside the presence of international organizations that allow nations to become members of the international community, the thriving presence of democracy allows them to bid adieu to the conduct of direct domination prevalent during bygone eras. However, it inevitably a thorough scrutiny to say that with the new trend of world pacification, only mutual friendship and cooperation experience among states

Chinese Traditional Religion Essay Example for Free

Chinese tralatitious Religion EssayReligious practice in China today has elements as old as the Shang and Zhou dynasties and, dating from the Song dynasty (9601279 CE), is marked syncretismthe combining of different forms of belief or practice. A favourable example is the construction of synagogue altars. Its non uncommon to find Buddhist and Confucian figures in a Daoist temple. Nor is it extraordinary to see a self-professed Buddhist offer incense at a Daoist temple to a historical figure known for his Confucian virtues. China has been a multi-religion country since the ancient times.It is considerably known that Confucianism is an indigenous religion and is the soul of Chinese culture, which enjoyed popular support among people and even became the directive ideology for feudalism society, but it did not develop into a national belief. It makes the culture more all-embracing to others, thus, umteen other religions have been brought into the country in different dynasti es, but none of them developed regnant enough in the history of China and they only provide diverse people more apparitional support.Confucianism, not a real religion, is just an ethical and philosophical trunk, which developed from Confucius thoughts and later was treated as a kind of belief to educate common people. Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (Master Kong, 551479 BC). The Confucius teachings contained the beginning of a system of thought and behavior that developed into a civilise ethico- unearthly tradition.Confucianism was adopted by the Han dynasty (206 B. C.E-220 C. E. ) as the intellectual basis for its system of government and its educational program for genteelness officials. Confucius emphasized principles for self-guidance. The key to producing a harmonious life, he wrote, is in how we treat othersour ancestors, leaders, parents, spouses, neighbors, and friends. Two othe r concepts that were frequent in Confuciuss worldview were Tian (Heaven) and Dao (Way). His heaven represented a celestial power connected with the will of decently ancestors, such as the widely known Yao, Shun, and Yu.The Way, on the other hand, constituted a natural rails for humanity. Whereas Heaven emphasized choice, the Way required a yielding heart-mind (xin) two were crucial for achieving harmony in the earthly realm. Daoism is one of Chinas major religions indigenous to the country. The primary belief is in development and practicing The Way (Dao) which is the net truth to the universe. Also known as Taoism, Daoism traces its roots to 6th Century BC Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote the iconic book Dao De Jing on the tenets of the Dao.In the 1,800 years, Taoism influenced the local culture deeply, especially on traditionalistic medicate and literature. Based on some theories of alchemists such as Wei Boyang in Eastern Han Dynasty, different kinds of medicine prescripti ons were created by Sun Simiao and many other doctors. In literature, many fictional characters are closely link with Taoism, such as the Jade Emperor. Their philosophies, though, are like two sides of a coin. Laozi emphasized harmony with the Daoa referent to something that cannot be namedin order to achieve balance in life.To assist this process, Laozi taught his followers the concepts of non-action (wuwei) and shade off and light (yin/yangprimordial, dynamic balancing of opposites). The principle of non-action meant that one should discern the natural course of things and cooperate with that movement. The teachings of Laozi and Confucius were not incorporated into a religious movement until the Han dynasty (206 BCE220 CE). The result was a mix of philosophy and religion.Over the centuries that followed, both Confucianism (Rujiaothe teachings of the scholars) and Daoism (Daojiaothe teaching of the Way) developed elaborate rituals and sacred writings. To this day the philosophies of Laozi and Confucius, and the religious movements their lives and teachings inspired, exist in vibrant forms in Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese culture as well. When first introduced, Buddhism faced competition from followers of Daoism. While Daoism (also called Taoism) is as old as Buddhism, Daoism was indigenous to China.Daoists do not view life as suffering. They believe in an request society and strict morality, but they also hold strong mystical beliefs such as ultimate transformation, where the soul lives afterwards death and travels to the world of the immortals. Because the two beliefs were so competitive, many teachers from both sides borrowed from the other. Today many Chinese believe in elements from both schools of thought. Buddhisms popularity, led to the quick conversion to Buddhism by later Chinese rulers. The subsequent Sui and Tang Dynasties all adopted Buddhism as their religion.The religion was also used by external rulers of China, such as the Yua n Dynasty and the Manchus, to connect with the Chinese and justify their rule. The Machus strived to draw a parallel mingled with Buddhism. a foreign religion, and their own reign as foreign leaders. Despite Chinas shift to atheism after the Communists took control of China in 1949, Buddhism continued to grow in China, especially after the economic reforms in the 1980s. Today there are an estimated 100 million followers of Buddhism in China and over 20,000 Buddhist temples. It is the largest religion in China.For most people in China, there is no problem with mixing religious practices. Unlike some other cultures, where religious syncretism and even tolerance are viewed with skepticism or condemnation, the Chinese have always had the ability to select the religious practices and teachings that work best for them at the moment. If a certain deity doesnt answer a supplicants petition, then its on to the bordering temple and deity. In general religious pluralism simply adds to the m any options from which the Chinese can choose on their journey toward a harmonious life.

Aviation, Aerospace or Airport Industry Essay Example for Free

Aviation, Aerospace or Airport manufacture EssayIn order to assess aviation, aerospace or airport industry practice to the field of market I check chosen to focus on the aviation industry and the marketing practices they pack follow in order to deal compete effectively in the current recessional environment. This document focuses on the 4 Ps of merchandising (Kotler, 2008) and discusses how air lanes have altered their approach to Product, Price, flummox and Promotion in order to continue to successfully compete and respond to the changing enquires of their client primary. maven fraternity in particular, Southwest air hoses, lead be explored in more than detail with the marketing practices forming the basis for encourage exploration of the key themes.The Aviation IndustryThe events of September the 11th checkd with a growing stinting recession have created an extremely challenging environment for the airline industry. Forecasts produced by the Civil Aviation put indicate that the situation may not improve for quite some clip with passenger art not expected to fully recover in the next five years (Figure 1).Figure One Actual and Forecast Traffic (m) 2007-2012Fiscal Year none Passengers Domestic (US)No. Passengers International (US)No. Passengers Total (US)2007577.853.6631.42008 (F)590.454.2644.72009 (F)610.954.9665.82010 (F)639.856.4696.32011 (F)626.756.7683.42012 (F)576.850.8627.6In order to deal with this airlines ar signifi after parttly altering their marketing practices and methods of distribution in order to operate more efficiently and competitively. Major changes have been observed over the past couple of years with some of these constituting complete overhauls of the traditional operation of the industry. Southwest Airlines is an airline which has strongly positioned itself on beingness different through all elements of its service and product.At its core is its mission, which specifies that the airline is dedicated to the h ighest quality of guest Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit. At first glance the conceit of high quality and low cost appear to contradict one another. However, Southwest airlines maintain that this is not the case and they have not compromised on quality or safety. Awards much(prenominal) as Triple peak which is awarded for low customer complaints, flight timeliness and baggage turnaround times, indicates that this may indeed be true.In order to better understand the key industry trends and how airlines have attempted to use these to their advantage, it is worth considering the marketing mixes of aviation companies such as Southwest Airlines and assessing how these have been altered in order to attract and prevent a diminishing customer base.Marketing PracticesProductThe product element of the marketing mix concerns religious offering the right product to the right target market. The products on offer through the airline industry have changed evidentially over the past twenty-five years. Flying, which at one point was exclusively for the wealthy, has become more accessible and today there are a large numbers of airlines that cater for even bigger numbers of customers. In order to compete in this environment airlines have invested significant amounts of money in distinguishing their products and services from their competitors.For Southwest Airlines, this has entai comport differentiating their product through redesigning the service their provide to customers. Although, on the surface, their no frills concept appears real simple, delivering it in a way that doesnt negatively impact customer live on is somewhat of an art. In order to successfully implement this business model Southwest airlines have invested significant amounts of money in understanding their customer needs and motivations and used this as the basis for their abide by proposition.Through researching their customer base they hav e been able to identify which services were not evaluated above price by the customer and have eradicated them, thus lowering their operating costs and passing these savings directly onto the customer. In improver to that, the involvement and support of their staff is paramount. This is achieved through the company culture, a family orientated set up which promotes teamwork and set employees opinions and suggestions for improvement. Southwest Airlines have recognized that employee participation and support is critical to the achievement of their aspirations and have successfully build a team of 29,000 with the lowest turnover rate in the industry.PriceSince the deregulation of the airline industry in 1978, the airline industry has become highly price sensitive and numerous customers will generally purchase from the most competitively priced airline, viewing separate companys offerings as holy substitutes. In order to maximise the profit from each flight, many airlines operate a variable determine approach that is based on the needs of individual customers. This approach attempts to identify and separate those customers who are implicated about price from those who are willing to pay more in order to attain a seat on the flight.As well as partitioning flights into first, business and economy classes, airlines attempt to maximize their revenue by offering a mixture of full price and discounted tickets in spite of appearance these segments. Using comminuted information related to market trends, forecasts and seasonal variations the major airlines implement inventory management approaches that help to watch the demand and subsequent price for each seat on the flight. More than 90 percent of the tickets interchange by U.S. airlines are now discounted (Costello 2001) and in the last twenty years flight prices have dropped by approximately 75% (Miller, 2007).According to a renowned marketing strategist, David Aaker (2001), one of the ways in which compani es can successfully compete in a price sensitive marketplace is to offer higher value to their customers. This view is supported by many theorists, many of whom believe that the industry is currently giving extraneous flights (Marketing Week, 2003, p.35). This view however, is challenged by the success of low cost airlines such as Southwest (US), JetBlue and Ryanair (UK) who have redefined their value propositions by stripping down their services in order to offer rock bottom prices.In order to competitively price their offering Southwest Airlines focused on streamlining their operations. The idea behind this was simple, by lowering their costs, Southwest could offer reduced prices to their customer base. This was achieved by removing services that were not valued in the eyes of the customer, such as physical ticketing, amenity kits, onboard snacks and seat reservations. The customers get what they pay for and pay for what they want.PlaceAirlines predominantly operate through two d istribution systems the ticket and the flight.The TicketHistorically ticket gross revenue were conducted through travel agents and brokers who liaised with the customer on an airlines behalf. However, in recent years the harvest in popularity of the internet as a medium through which flights can be booked has led to increased levels of direct relationships between the airline and the customer base during the ticketing stage. Through interfacing directly with the customer many airlines have reduced their distribution costs by as much as 10% (Miller 2004) and have subsequently been better placed to compete on a price basis in the marketplace.The outflowMarketing practices relating to the flight itself have also seen changes in recent years. Historically, the flight represented a direct relationship between the customer and the airline but the increasing trend towards inter-airline alliances such as wiz (United Airlines, Virgin, BMI, Thai etc.) Oneworld (American Airlines, British Airways, Quantas etc.) and SkyTeam (Delta Air Lines, Air France, and AeroMexico) has transformed the distribution channel from direct to indirect with airlines placing trust in their competitors to service the customers appropriately.Although this may be perceived as a risky approach, the benefits gained from such agreements are of significance. Through forming partnerships airlines can gain additional routes, marketing power and global presence. Southwest Airlines have gone(p) one step further in the design of their place strategy. Through focussing of the short-haul domestic market in the US they have ensured that the average duration of their flights is less than one hour. This increases their probability of meeting craved time schedules and subsequently directly improves customer satisfaction.PromotionOne of the most popular marketing tools within the airline industry is the frequent flyer program. Airlines reward loyal customers by giving them extras such as upgrades, addition al luggage allowance, priority booking and access to business lounges. Such programs are clearly rattling popular with approximately 25% of Americas belonging to at least one loyalty program. (Costello, 2001, p.B9).The customer experience itself represents another key area in which aviation companies strive to successfully promote their offerings. Areas of the operation such as baggage turnaround, timeliness of flights and numbers of customer complaints are measured through Key exploit Indicators and communicated openly to customers and employees.The understanding here is that high service quality will lead to happier customers, higher sales and higher profits. (Czaplewski, Ferguson, Milliman, 2001, p.14-17).Southwest Airlines latest promotional program is Ding, a real time notification system that informs their customers of the latest offers and developments. The messages communicated to customers are cautiously targeted and segmented and utilize SMS and email systems to deliver the chat directly to the right customer.ConclusionIn order to be successful in the current market, airlines need to develop a deep understanding of their customer base. Through understanding their customers motivations, anxious buttons and unmet needs (Aaker, 2001) they can develop marketing practices which allow them to compete in this demanding environment. The market is seeing significant changes as companies develop different approaches to increasing their sales or lowering their costs and a carefully designed and implemented marketing mix is critical to success in this environment.ReferencesCzaplewski, A. Ferguson, J. Milliman, J. Southwest Airlines How Internal Marketing Pilots. Success, Marketing Management, 2001, p. 14-17Costello, J. (2001, November 6). Gounded Airlines Attempt to Win Back Former Frequent FlyersInternational Civil Aviation Authority, Airline Traffic Forecasts and Financial Trends 2006 to 2008, I, January 2007.Miller, W. (2004, August 16). Airlines take to the internet. Industry Week, 248(15), 130-133. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from ProQuest database.Newsweek. (2003, September 18). Good times in the skies. p. 58.AAker, D, 6th Ed, 2001, Strategic Market ManagementKotler et al, 13th Ed, 2008, Marketing Managementwww.Southwest airlines.com

High School Essay Example for Free

High School EssayMy freshman year of graduate(prenominal) school was scary. Two equate middles schools coming together to make star freshman class did not seem like the go around idea, the classes were harder, and the stress levels were senior high schooler. In eighth grade I was so excited to be in high school, but once I got there I could not wait for that year to be over. wherefore I realized I still had three more long school years forward of me.Dont get me wrong, I had plenty of fun clock freshman year. I met so many a(prenominal) stark naked people and made a lot of new friends. The majority of my friends then are still my friends now. only if I was ready to grow up. I think every teenager thinks like this at one point or with issue every year of high school. Most teenagers are ready to give the axe from home and start a new and more independent purport in college during most years of high school. I know that I thought this way for quite sometime. I thought t hat breeding in college would be a million times more as yettful than life in high school.Sophomore and junior year were also similar to freshman year. Friendships became stronger, classes were continuing to get more difficult, and even though I involved myself more in extracurricular activities, I was ready to get out of town and start college more than ever. I had picked out my dream school and already had so many plans for my freshman year of college. But instead of time speeding up like I wished it would, it snarl like it was slowing down.Summer going into senior year I began getting bored with the town and I felt like I was always saying there is nothing to do here. I thought I needed more adventure and was becoming tired of just going through the motions. Although I felt like that then, a few weeks into senior year my mindset had completely changed. as yet though senior year has been the toughest year yet, my class has created a culture. There is so many things that desex ualize us as a class and set us apart from everyone else. From traditions started at footb either games, to the things that we do as a group, we clear created our own culture and identity. I have realized that even though I have expected the past three years to fly by, all I want is for this year to slow down.My friends and I have all created extremely close bonds and we have become nearly like a family. I feel like throughout the past three years I have taken a lot of things for granted and have not really appreciated all the memories I have had that came from good experiences. I have learned not to take any extra moments for granted because I could look back on these days and remember all of the good times and how much I enjoyed my senior year.At times I regret wanting to grow up so fast because I know now that these are some of the best times of my life and I wish I would have appreciated them before. Although I do regret that, Im thankful I get to spend this year with every single one of my closest friends. I still have a long time to make memories, but as the saying goes, time flies when youre having fun.

High School Life Essay Example for Free

High School Life EssayIt was in the year 2009, I was a graduating primary(a) student back then, when our adviser talked to me, together with my fellow honor students, regarding our plans after graduation. The conversation included where we precious to study in high school. Most of us said that a sincere school testament do, whats important for us back then was to pose a school. That simple.After a few words, our adviser said that on that point is prestigious school inviting us to study there. Our initial reaction was, of course, we turn in no m wizardy to pay for the tuition fee. moreover then, she said that we need non worry, because the school offers us 100% scholarship, with a weekly allowance. We were delighted by the news. Imagine being a scholar of Notre doll of Greater Manila. That is something to be proud of.So we were scheduled for an exam. We were so nervous. After several days of waiting, the results came out. And I was the one chosen to be the scholar When m y mom told me the news, I was really overjoyed. It would be my first clipping to study in a private school, prestigious one even.I went to the school to arrange my requirements there. That was when I knew that I am a De Mazenod Lingap Talino (DMLT) scholar, who would enjoy 100% scholarship and weekly allowance. What a privilege I also met there Mr. Diego Reyes, or Sir Jigs, as what the whole institution calls him, and Maam Sofie. They were the ones who helped me during my stay there as a scholar.My first year was tough. A lot of adjustments were done. Of course, Im not use to having classmates who ar techy and rich. They talked about this gadget and that gadget, which, in my previous school, is not an issue. Im not used to seeing signature clothes and bags. So I didnt know how I would climb up them. Im not rich as them. I am just a simple girl.Another reason why Im afraid is because I notion I would not be accepted there. I am different, physically. Before the first day of schoo l, I imagined the Damers teasing me and bullying me. And I imagined myself ignoring them, as if they dont exist, and when Im alone, Id cry a lot just to let the feelings out. I thought I would be an outcast, a loner, weirdo in their eyes. that I was completely wrong. I gained a lot of friends, much many than I thought Id keep. My first impression of them was wrong. They are not like what I see in the movies, rich people who are arrogant and rude. They understand my situation. They are open-minded. They are real. They may tease me and that was only natural, I do not get offended. They are real, true friends.Of course, the teachers are a plus. I thought they would not like me, especially the mathematics teachers, because Im really weak in that particular subject. I really like Math, but I guess the feeling aint mutual. Until now, I still use finger Math. I am extremely slow in resolving power problems. I thought Math teachers would lose their patience on me, ignore my presence in the skim off class because they would think I dont belong there, because I am a weakling.But then again, I was W-R-O-N-G. Math teachers in Notre are exactly the opposite of what I thought they would be. They are very kind, especially Mrs. Narciso, Ms.Padlan, Mr.R and Mr. Zuniga. They were the ones whom I spend my Math classes with during my entire stay in high school. They were the ones who taught me Math and helped me to improve my skills in that field. They showed me that I am not a weakling, I still have hope. Whoo.But of course, there were my second parents. Mrs. Mercado and Mrs. Asis who served as my mothers, and Mr. Saplagio as my dad. They were the ones whom I turn to and cry on whenever I have problems. And all of the teachers in Notre, who may seem terror and scary inside the classrooms, but outside, they are one of your bestest best friends.Being a scholar isnt as easy as anyone thinks. Its really tough confirming your grades. It is stressing to think about your grades w hen they are going down. They say grades are just numbers, but I depend on those numbers. My scholarship depends on those numbers. I usually envy those who can just have fun while I am at my room studying even if theres no exam.And of course, as a scholar, I should be a role model to others. I should suck in care of my reputation. But of course doing that is a bit hard. As the saying goes, Character is what you are reputation is what people think you are. What if my character is different from my reputation? Yes, that happens all the time. But I just maintain my character and ignore those who pull me down by saying things about me behind my back. That made me stronger.Notre gave me a lot of experiences that I would not forget. Notre gave me people that I am thankful for. But of course, I would buzz off none of these if it wasnt for the DMLT, for giving me this very wonderful opportunity to study in the institution. I am just a simple girl from a family who cannot afford the servi ces of Notre. But because of Notres sense of the students out there who are not financially able, yet deserving to have quality education, and its willingness to reach out to them, I was able to experience this once in a lifetime opportunity.Now, I am going to study in my dream school, the University in the Philippines, one of the most prestigious universities in the whole country. With the help of Notre, I was able to get this dream of mine. It equipped me with enough knowledge and skills to depend the challenges ahead. My life in Notre had been stressful, yet everything was all worth it. For this, I would like to express my deep gratitude. convey you, Notre Dame.

Blacks worthy of Free

Blacks worthy of Freedom EssayBorn the youngest of eleven children, Marcus Garvey started his inspiring life in the quite a uninspiring town of St. Ann, Jamaica in 1887. Before his death in 1940, Garvey would revolutionize the way many Blacks without the world portrayed their lives and approached the unobjectionable world they were thrown into. Garvey was revolutionary from many of his contemporary thinkers, Black or White.His most extreme belief was that its impossible for white people to responsibly hold the beat interests for sable people. Garvey proclaimed an activist paradigm at a time a place when black Americans most needed hopeful guidance and well-disposed rejuvenation. Garvey believed that Black people had to coalesce as a common faction, not one that was divided by scales of darkness, or history of family DNA, all Black could unite under the Pan-African principle.United, the rallies spread a revival amongst down trodden Black Americans, many of who were depriv e by White America, who only recently saw Blacks worthy of Freedom. After World War I, Europe and Africa proved themselves docile to carve. Territory boundaries were easily re-drawn on maps and countries grew, while others collapsed. The theory of new country, one founded under the principles of Garvey-ism, did not take care that distant to his followers.Eventually, under carful structure that saw room for all members of the community, Garveys organization, the United Negro utility Association (UNIA) grew as a symbol of rebellion against the White rulers, as well as social gathering welcoming all Blacks with the same Pan-Africanist that united everyone. Garvey sought to revive the Black community through communal strength, societal willpower, and business gumption. As his organization grew in radicalism, it spread warning of rebellion, which naturally appealed to disenfranchised blacks in all parts of the world, many of who saw Garvey as the agent of an Earthly salvation.

How to Solve a Problem Essay Example for Free

How to Solve a Problem Essayafter reading up on the Art of Thinking e-book, chapter 5 explains the 4 stages of the censorious thinking process. The world-class stage of diminutive thinking is to search for ch aloneenges. It explains that not all challenges are obvious and on how you should take a crap it a habit to look disc all over for challenges that comes your way. The second stage of critical thinking is expressing the problem or issue. The e-book explains in much detail the difference between a problem and an issue. The third stage of critical thinking is to investigate the problem or issue.Last but not least, the fourth stage of critical thinking is producing ideas. I think that this is also the critical stage of what makes a critical thinker. When I was in the Navy during my for the first time year, I noticed that it was very difficult to advance in the occupational distinguishing characteristic that I was in compared to the other military occupation. One of the things that Ive noticed was that the reason why the furtherance was difficult was because there were too many people who were in the theme rating.The publicize department subject area rating was a difficult and dangerous job to be in especially if you didnt dwell what you were doing. There was long 18 hour move days that I had to do whenever there were out to sea deployments to the Persian Gulf. I also had to worry about equipment malfunction and the risk of falling over board from the flight deck. I was very dissatisfied with running(a) with the air department portion, so I pertinacious to take the run for a different rate when I was up for attainment.I was risible to find out what other military occupations were out there for me with slight danger on the field and better advancement opportunity. Fortunately for me, the advancement interrogatory that I took was 100% advancement and 18 hours less than what I had to work compared to the air department. Based from my rea ding of chapter 7, the problem for me was working long hours in a hazardous environment. I implyed myself, how can I get out of a hazardous work environment such as working on the flight deck? How can I advance myself to a rate that has less competition?There were also some issues for me that I had to address. One of the questions I had to ask myself regarding the issue was if I should notify my supervisor that I plan on taking the advancement testing for another rate? Is he discharge to single me out and make me work harder in the division? In order to resolve my problem, I decided to take the advancement exam that focused on operating the radar systems and it was 100% advancement. The working hours were 6 hours on and 18 hours off rotations at the work center. The work environment was also less hazardous and more relaxed compared to the air department.For my issues to get resolved, I decided not to tell any of my supervisors that I plan to leave the division by taking the exam for another rate. I figured that if I dont tell them what I plan to doing, so they will not single me out or make me work harder compared to the other people in the division. I believe that it was the best decision that I made during my time in the military. Before I decided to take the advancement exam, I noticed that champion of my co-workers had also taken the same exam before me.According to chapter 8 of the Art of Thinking, I investigated the problems and issues that relate to working with the operations department compared to working in the air department. I took an eyewitness testimony from my former co-worker who used to work for the air department division, but later switch to the operations department division after taking the advancement exam. He provided the information to me regarding the pros and cons of working with the operations department.The con part of working with operations was that you were working approximately a lot of high ranking officers and always ha d to practice for certain drills, but the pro typeface to it was good advancement and less work hours compared to working with the air department. In conclusion, I think that one of the best ways for me to solve this problem was to avoid going into the air department in the first place. I should have weighed out my options in regards to finding out what other good department divisions that I could benefit from by working with them for the 4 years that I was with the Navy.I noticed that some field such as working as an electrician has its benefits. I could have been able to transfer all of my work experience into the civilian side and done a similar job like that with more salary pay. I also now understood that the person who recruited me into the Navy had a quote to me in order for him to keep his job as a recruiter, but I should have done a better job in regards to thinking things out more critically in regards to how I was going to benefit from joining the Navy besides getting th e educational benefits after successfully completing my bring forth of serving my country.

Microsoft programmes Essay Example for Free

Microsoft programmes EssayDuring year ten I had two weeks of wreak give from the 12th to 23rd of March 2007. Work sustain wasnt just compulsory for pupils within my naturalise, muchover a nationwide curricular activity. My head of year Miss Joseph organised the usage experience with a comp whatsoever called Trident, who back uped organise the views and checked the placement for health and safety. For those not organising their own throw experience, you had apply for jobs by dint of tridents website. You had to select six difference jobs, and order them in preference and thus Trident would get word to organise the placement you placed first. However Trident were unable to succeed in getting everyone their first choice in placement, as many other schools within Waltham forest were doing take a s stool experience during the same period. I however lay my own placement, at my mothers primary school. My mother, several members of staff and I and to fill by a orthodont ic braces of forms which were and then sent to Trident, who would check the placement to see if it was safe for me to work there. I chose to work in a school as I enjoy running(a) with others and answering minorren to learn.I scram ofttimes considered becoming a teacher, so I felt that working in a school would help me decide whether that was the cargoner path I should be going down. A couple of weeks before my work experience was due to start, I had an interview with the head teacher of the school. I had to ring up the school and organise this interview. The head teacher asked me a couple of questions about why I had chosen to work there, and what skills I was hoping to gain from the experience. She then showed me around the premises, and introduced me to the members of staff that I would be working with. During my work experience, my working hours were from 8.00 till 5. 00.I took the car to work and the journey would usually take half and hour. I would work until 3. 15, when the children went home, however I did not leave until 5. 00 as I had to help clear up and help with after school activities. On my first twenty-four hour period I was informed of the tasks I would be doing that day and introduced to all the children. Most mornings I would clean the childrens cup and then fill them with water. I would then piss to set up the first activity, which was always spelling. Other jobs I had to do included photo copying, diametrical reading, taking groups of children for group learning and cleaning.I worked with one teacher and one teaching serveant, both of which would assist me with tasks I found difficult and were both very helpful. I felt I did have a positive effect on my colleagues as I would often be able to carry out tasks without too much assistance and therefore my less work for others. However in some activities I had to be assisted due to health and safety reasons, which could have made more work for the staff, than if I was not there. I offe red to help out after school and would always be willing to try any task the teacher set me, even if I didnt know what to do.I therefore life that I made a positive contribution and reduced the work load for my colleagues. During my work experience I had to carry out many different tasks, many of which I had never done before. I was able to cope with most of these raw activities, however I did encounter some problems during my first week. For archetype whilst I was doing paired reading with an individual child, another child, with behaviour difficulties, kept disturbing me and trying to get my attention. I was unsure on what strategy I should use to prevent the children from preventing me from doing the paired reading so I went and spoke to the class teacher.She then told me that the best thing to do, would be to ignore the disruptive child, and they would concisely return to their work. I used this strategy several times during my work experience and I then was able to continu e with the work, undisturbed. Another problem I encountered was when one child told me that another child had hit them, when in the playground. I then went and spoke to the other child, however they said that it was actually the other child who had hit them. Both children denied bang one another, so I asked both children if they were hurt in any way, but they both said no.I then spoke to both children, telling them that hitting was wrong, and if there were any more problems then I would have to take them to their class teacher. I then got the two children to make up and play a game together nicely. Afterwards I spoke to the class teacher about the incident and she said the way that I handled the situation was perfect, but following(a) time I should take them both to her as some children do have behaviour issues. I felt that I knowing from both incidents and am now able to cope with many more problematic situations that before my work experience.I often helped the teacher to carry out activities outside the classroom, which without my help, would have been a lot harder. I felt that my contribution in many of the activities made it easier for my colleagues and subsequently bear on the outcome of the activity, as they all went very well. Over the time of my work experience I learned many new skills that I may not have learned, if I hadnt done the work experience. I really enjoyed my two weeks of work experience. It was a very hard, but rewarding job. Some tasks I did realize a little bit boring, however overall the experience was fun and I learnt lots of new skills.For example I am now able to use many of the new Microsoft programmes for modern computers, which are used in many offices and other computer based jobs across the UK. I am similarly able to teach small groups of children, keeping the attention of every child and enabling them to learn. As I enjoyed my work experience so much I have decided that I would like to effect a teacher when I am older, therefore all the skills that I have gained during my work experience will be used again in the future and could make a significant bushel on the way I work etc.

Personal and Social Uses of ICT Essay Example for Free

Personal and Social c whollys of ICT EssayI determination ICT in person as advantageously as socially and at business firm which is nigh quantifys actually helpful for me as I go off do my black market faster and in a better quality. Here be roughly white plagues of technologies I make work of* Mobile Ph self-colouredness* DVD Player* digital TV* Calculator* MP3 Player* Digital Camera* Digital Video Camera* Printer* bouncing cabinets* telecommunicate* Projector* Cds, DVDs* Tele bidPersonal Use of ICTDVD Player and DVDsI use the DVD simulated military operati wholenessr personally and socially to watch films or flat attend to music. I use the DVD player personally to watch films with my friends and family or see to music personally. I use the DVD Player at school to present my projects on it or watch educational Movies on it. There are sometimes faults in DVD Players much(prenominal) as the CD sometimes gets stuck in there and the drive doesnt o indites. There are many types of DVD cds utilise in the DVD Player, one of the current type of Cds is a Flexplay DVD that takes care of the rental accomplishment itself it hits a chemical stopwatch when you open the package, and when your time is up (in 48 hours, say), the disc stops working. right off you can return it or give it to get recycled. The idea of using these type of Cds is that even bit bars are qualified to sell these DVDs in a rental price and at once they are soled no one needs to worry because as I mentioned it pull up stakes get deleted by itself. Once I employ a DVD player to present a Movie flash back during my project at school which was actually helpful as I didnt had much to explain.Evaluation earlier long use a DVD Player with an un admitn brand, the think for this is as I got it as a gift with my m wide awake shout from the wandering speech sound provider, but according to my research the more than quality a DVD Player has the more uniformly it r eads discs with special formats, but the disadvantage is that it loosely blocks DVDs which are pirated or doubleright protected.InternetI sometimes use the internet socially to masticate to my friends as healthy as cousins. I sometimes as fountainhead use the internet to download games as well as music or DVDs. I to a fault use internet for online shop which is very helpful as I am suit sufficient to find products cheaper then anywhere else. Such as games which are a give out cheaper on the internet then in any shops. The disadvantage of online shopping is that there is a bit of come across of getting hacked.EvaluationI currently surrender TalkTalk wideband at home which meets my needs in secure and is very helpful to me as researches can be through with(p) very quickly, as well as online shopping or communication can take status socially.CalculatorI use the calculator to calculate the price of any products I want to deal or I use it. Personannly, for example at school to calculate answers. I tolerate used the calculator a few times during my maths lessons to help me to find the answers of questions which were to hard to work fall show up by my own. There are a few types of calculator the most known are simple and scientific calculators. The main difference between simple and scientific calculators are that scientific calculator claim got more exits and can work out difficult questions where as the simple calculator can generally only add, subtract, multiply or divide.EvaluationIn this case a Calculator is the most efficacious federal agency to calculate difficult equations as working the answer out with the mind an a pen and pencil consumes a troop of time whereas a calculator is the most time efficient and consummate way.PrinterI use my Inject bulls eyeer personally I use it personally to print out any research or receipts of any items I study bought. I withal use it to print out pictures by connecting my digital camera directly to my printer. I sometimes use the printer to print out raise researches or any coursework personally for the school. As I have chosen applied science I have to print out a litter of courseworks so I believe that the printer helps me a lot in my daily life. Once I had printed out my coursework but I lost it by mistake so I just printed it out once more which assuaged me time and was very helpful as I didnt had to do all the hard work again.I worrywise use the printer for home use to print out pictures or interesting researches which may be shared amongst other house members or shown to someone at home.EvaluationThe curtilage I have decided use the Inject Printer is as the ink Cartridges can be bought very cheaply and have a long lasting duration. Also the printing speed is fair and if someone does not print a lot just like me that printer can be made to a perfect use.MP3 PlayerI use my Mp3 player only personally to attend to music when I am on my way to my friends or even schoo l. I can listen to my favourite sound tracks at any time I want to and anywhere I am without disturbing other people. The MP3 player is connected to the calculator using the USB connection and then tracks can be downloaded and stored on the MP3 player. The main advantage of a MP3 player is that it has got a smaller size then a CD player and a smarter look. It also has got a bigger internal size and you can but your favourite tracks on it. If you use a CD player you always have to swap the CD if you want to listen to any different track which is a disadvantage as it wastes time and sometimes you dont even are in the mood to do it. I personally use the MP3 player not to get bored and it keeps me active and awake.EvaluationCurrently I use a Phillips A260 MP3 Player as it provides me with brilliant sound quality and is not to overpriced to purchase. Also he purpose of an MP3 Player primarily is to provide music in as good quality as possible.Game consolesI use Game consoles for my p ersonal life to have a bit of fun after doing hard work. Game consoles are not really helpful but it is fun to use them as you are open to play games such(prenominal) as football which would be hard to play outside if it would be hopeless weather. The advantage of Game consoles is that you can play multiplayer with your friends or family members. The best thing close to game consoles is that the in vogue(p) game consoles have got special function which make it even more fun for example the Xbox 360 is one of the latest game consoles which has got a Xbox live function, this is used to connect to the internet and play with someone you dont know if he has go the same game. Secondly it has got wireless pads which help you as normally a lot of people step over c fitteds which may get annoying. You can also store music or DVDs on the Xbox 360 or even watch it. With the use of XBOX Live, Xbox can be used socially to play and communicate with other people using XBOX Live.EvaluationCurre ntly I have a XBOX Console the background for me buying this system was as I used to have a playstation 1 and as I got bored I decided to try something new, for this reason I bought the XBOX Console.Digital still and photograph cameraI use Digital cameras in my personal life which are helpful as I am able to take pictures or videos of the things I have enjoyed with my friends or family. There are many digital cameras available these days which are very helpful as most of the latest once have got a LCD screen at the back which helps you to view the picture during the time you are taking it or after you have taken it and show it to someone directly without large them to photo shops so that they can create them for you. So basically you can retake the picture if you dont like it with out doing a lot of work. Of course there are some disadvantages such as that if your warehousing card is full you cant store any pictures any more and you have to delete some but now days you can get m emory card with a very great(p) size which make it able to take more then 200 pictures until it is full. The other disadvantage is that digital cameras take a lot of battery however there are special batteries called Nimah batteries which make it able for me to use the battery a lot longer until it is finished. I use the digital camera at home to take pictures of my family or cousins and then I can remind me using them or I just connect them to the printer and I got the pictures without even doing a lot of work.EvaluationAt the meaning I have a Panasonic Digital Camera, the reason for this is as it has an external boast as well as a night view system and a brilliant quality. Also it is not to expensive to purchase but provides full performance. The battery life is also not too bad for home use but can be upgraded if required.Social Use of ICTMobile PhoneThere are many new mobile phone models out these days which have got a lot of functions and mobile phones get improved daily as more softwares and also hardwares are added to it. Examples of hardwares are Bluetooth, Infrared, Camera, 262000 colour display etc.I use my Mobile Phone Socially to contact any companies for information around any products I dont know how to use. I also use a mobile phone personally to talk to my friends as well as my parents if I am not at home. I sometimes use my Mobile Phone personally to listen to music or play games on it. For example once I used my Mobile to contact my parents to inform them that I am going to stick with home later as I have got work to do. In these cases mobile phones are very helpful as you can talk to people anywhere the net is available. There are sometimes faults in mobiles such as sometimes if your Bluetooth is turned on viruses are able to attack your mobile and destroy the software so that the mobile can sometimes not work again.EvaluationI currently use the Motorola L7 as it is reasonable cheap to purchase and does not weight a lot, also it is very thin so is able to fit into a pocket very easily, also it Is able to serve me with the requirements I have, these include sending text messages, camera, phoneEmailI use the Email software personally and socially to help me as it has got many advantages as well as some disadvantages. I use the Email software socially to contact my friends or sometimes remind them about anything such as the homework. I use it socially to email to companies for any inquiries I have or I use it to send emails regarding eBay to people to ask them about any information such as delivery time. The main advantage of the Email is that it is much faster then sending a garner and can be send to many people at the same time. Where as a earn has to be packed in separate envelopes and then the address has to be written on it before it can get send. The disadvantage of email software is that it may get hacked or sometimes even can contain a virus.EvaluationCurrently I have a Hotmail Email address, the reason for this is as Hotmail have a website very easy to use and new softwares are being real by hotmail very quickly which may be a great help to me. Another reason for me using hotmail is as at the time I created my email address only hotmail email addresses worked in MSN Messenger and MSN Messenger was the only software to be able to provide webcam for free.TelephoneI use the call socially to talk to friends or even my cousins. I use it socially to make phone calls to company to contact them for any inquiries or for any help. Nowadays there are wireless telephones which have got a range of meters but are very helpful as you are able to use it and persistr around with out any problems so they dont stop you from doing work and talking to mated or someone at the same time. The telephone is a very simple technology as the phone only has three parts named microphone, hook switch and a speaker. The latest phones however have got more technology in them so that in older phones you could hear your own voice which people prove very annoying but in new phones it is not like that. I believe that the telephone bequeath remain as one of the simplest devices.EvaluationCurrently I have a Phillips phone which was expensive but has an external loud and good quality speaker, is wireless and also has a function to send and receive SMS. The reason for me buying this phone was as it had the longest warranty and seemed to be the one with the functions I required and functions which were required at home.School Related UseProjectorI use the projector socially at school to present my presentations. It is very helpful as it can make a computer screen or anything else look bigger then it really is. So basically you dont need to have a big screen TV to show it in a way so that the whole class can see it. Because of the projector I can present my work in a way that everyone can see it. The main advantage is that it doesnt weights a lot so that you are able to move it easily without any p roblem. You can not move a big TV easily. I once had produced my project on a projector which was very helpful as everyone was able to see what I was toilsome to say. The main disadvantage is that some projectors dont display the picture very clearly.EvaluationCurrently we have Epson Projectors at School which are very helpful and are truly the best way to meet the schools standards as Presentations or explanations can be presented to everyone very clearly.Microsoft powerI use Microsoft office socially at school and at home. I use it at school to write reports or produce attempt assessments. Also sometimes I use Microsoft office at school to do my courseworks or save my research results. Microsoft office is very helpful and is used in many offices or even businesses. Microsoft office has a lot of functions and can be used for many purposes such as creating database. Microsoft office is also secure as you can password protect your documents so that even if someone steals it he pul l up stakes be unable to use it. The main advantage is that you can update your documents without rewriting it again and again. It also saves a lot of space and you can find your documents quickly. As normally you would use paper which will get together and it will be hard for me to store them somewhere so that they are uninjured and I can find them whenever I need them. I use Microsoft office a lot at school and it helped me a lot of times when there was a need to write letter I was able to write it quickly and in a descent layout , also a copy was saved which can be very helpful In case the letter needs to be resend etc.InternetI use Internet at school to do researches. Also I use the Internet to find pictures and put them into my coursework. Internet is very helpful as it helps me in a lot of ways and if there would be no internet there would even be no email. I use the Internet at school to do my homework as well as find pictures for any courseworks needed any shops. The disadv antage of online shopping is that there is a bit of chance of getting hacked.EvaluationI currently have TalkTalk Broadband at home which meets my needs fully and is very helpful to me as researches can be done very quickly as well as courseworks can be improved at a great speed and expeditiously, this saves me a lot of time.Overall EvaluationFor my personal use of ICT as I have mentioned above I use a lot of technologies as they enable me to work more efficiently, save time, save paper work. I also personally and socially use technologies just to enjoy or have fun with such as the Game Consoles.I also use technology Socially at School such as Projectors, Computers but in this case they do not meet my needs up to the full limit as the Computers mostly seem to have a problem at School as well as the Personal Space Limit on the Computers does not meet my requirement.I personally believe this can be improved by making the computers much more stable and by improving the Space limits for each user. Also the Network Cards and Cables have some problems as the net crashes a lot of times which again does not meet my full requirement.At Home ICT is able to meet my needs as I use a Phone, Speakers, Computers, Modem and other technologies as mentioned above, but all of them work up there full capability and meet my needs. For this reason I do not truly require any more technology for home use, but for social use technology has still not met its full capability at every place such as at my school, as technology makes problems in some cases or could be set up more efficiently at my school.E.G As Network Cables are available and all the computers are networked the school should be able to set up the network in such a way that if one computer is updated with a new windows or software, the other computers should be updated automatically at the same timeConclusion finally I believe that the Technology will have along way to go and I am looking forward to see more interesting pi eces of technology. I dont really know what I would like to get produced but I know that if something new and interesting product will get produced I will be looking forward to it. I hope that a new technology gets produced which will help us and the community.

Financial Control Auditing Essay Example for Free

Financial Control Auditing endeavorIf you use a estimator to record your business activity and maintain this info electronically, you are a candidate for an electronic scrutinize. * What are the Benefits of e-Auditing? It saves time electronic audits are completed much faster than traditional, manual audits. Company personnel and tax auditors spend less time working on the audit. It saves paper Electronic tax auditing reduces the amount of paper normally needed during the audit. It is less disruptive to business Electronic audits get tax auditors to work at the tax office most of the time. Computer-assisted tax audit techniques reduce on-site audit time.In this way, there is minimal interference with the normal business of your family. It is more than efficient more than efficient techniques for reviewing taxpayer information are utilise in electronic audits. * The border of e-Auditing? To corporate taxpayers 1- The preparatory acquaint begins when a tax audito r contacts the company. 2- He then familiarizes himself with the explanation corpse of the company, and negotiates with company managers responsible for covering and finance. 3- They pack agreements on when and how the electronic material should be delivered to the tax authority, and what copies of files should be created for the purpose. The tax auditor receives the files and converts them into a special database format used by the Finnish Tax disposition. 5- Later, the chief auditor and the company focus will discuss the time schedule of the on-site tax audit, i. e. the part of the tax examination that takes blank space on company premises. * What are the Auditors Responsibilities towards e-Auditing? Our tax auditors have received special facts of life on information engineering science they are aware of information security considerations and work under strict rules of confidentiality.Their PC and laptop workstations are protected and secure. They store the original mat erial in a locked cabinet, and they make sure that the work files created from the company-supplied electronic materials are removed from the electronic computers immediately after the audit. Depending on what has been agreed, physical data media (CDs etc. ) will either be returned to the company or destroyed. After the tax authority has issued the judgment decision or tax debiting decision, any files saved in Tax Administration systems will be deleted. The company will receive a message confirming the deletion. The use of expert systems in e-Auditing As computer power is enhanced and auditors are faced with making decisions in more complex environments, both(prenominal) accounting firms have begun to develop expert systems to assist their personnel in the audit process, An expert system is a complex system of computer progams that models the decision process of a human experts. The psychological methods used to gain an understanding of the human experts decision process and con version of this decision process into mathematical equations and computer programs are fair beyond the scope of this text. Legal Authority The right of the Finnish Tax Administration to receive computer files for the purposes of audit is based on the finding tax laws 14, Act on judging Procedure (1558/1995), 3, Ordinance on Assessment Procedure, 169, Value Added Tax Act (1501/1993), 10, VAT Ordinance, and 37, Prepayment Act (1118/1996). The ending of 26 Jan 1998 (no 47/1998) of the Ministry of Trade and Industry concerns bookkeeping methods. The offset printing section of this Decision concerns the use of computer automation in accounting.The be Board has issued an official instruction on 22 May 2000 on the implementation of the provisions of the Decision. These instructions include more specific rules on the use of information technology in accounting. In the interest of expediency during tax audits, the Finnish Tax Administration urges corporate taxpayers to follow the r ecordkeeping rule of six years. In other(a) words, full documentation exhibit each transaction one after a nonher including its entries in accounting records should be kept for six years after the closing of the accounting period.These records excessively include auxiliary documentation, and they are to be kept in a legible format. * Rules on recordkeeping and likeness of data Companies are requested to keep the avocation files and expound in a machine-sensible, software-independent format. They should cover the built-in time periods to be audited 1. Journal-type file of the accounting system listing each transaction separately , including the following detailed facts if applicable for the company Company number, business unit number Document type attendant number of the accounting voucher/document, which should be the same number as that of the original receipt, voucher or other document found in the books. Date of accounting document / Date of transaction / Accounting peri od Account number Cost center number Amount in euros (marks), amount in foreign currency, code of currency Descriptions of accounting entries several descriptions are accepted Project no, investment no, process no, product no etc. Customer no, supplier no VAT code Any other data palm that help identify the transaction. .Additional files in case the names (of accounts or of constitute centers) are not included in the accounting transactions files Chart of accounts showing every account used during the period, including account name and account number. Lists of cost centers (and their rime and names) used during various years. Lists showing details of project number, investment numbers, process numbers, product numbers etc. used during various years Lists showing VAT codes (with explanations) used during various years Lists of accounting voucher types used Lists showing the sequences of sequential numbers used by the accounting system (can be delivered on paper instead of a compu ter file) Registers of suppliers and registers of customers, as a computer file, including at least the following facts ? Business IDs and European VAT numbers ?Customer no, supplier no ?Name ?Address ?Postal code ?Country code 3. other details Specifications of records, describing each delivered file. Detailed versions of balance sheet (showing each account separately) for the accounting periods to be audited. computer simulation list printed on paper, to show the eginning of the accounting transaction list file, in case numerical fields have been zipped / compressed. * What are the Permissible file types? The files should consist of fixed-length consecutive strings and be free of software-specific characters (and they should not be backup files). Accounting transactions and additional files such as charts of accounts and lists of cost centers should be delivered to us on a physical data medium, which is usually a CD or DVD. The following good information is mandatory * Encodin g (ascii / ebcdic) Existence of zipped/compressed data elements (please unzip/uncompress) * Number of records * Length of records. If the company cannot deliver the accounting system files where transactions are primarily recorded, tax auditors can alternatively expend reporting files or list files. Accounting systems create reporting files and transaction lists associated with the general ledger and journal, accounts out-of-pocket and accounts payable What are the Pros and Cons of both manual and E-audit? (Conclusion) There are pros and cons to both the manual and electronic audits.The manual chart review is more time consuming and is subject to both the benefits and liabilities of requiring human judgment during the audit process. The electronic audit is much quicker, although it requires time and attention to careful set up before the first audit can be brave. E-audits are independent of human judgment since determinations are made by internally programmed computer logic and are therefore more consistent than manual audits. Their accuracy is more subject to proper PCC documentation, coding and data entry issues.More and more facilities are opting to perform e-audits due to the time savings and ease of performing regular periodic audits once the initial setup has been completed. We sanction the use of electronic audits whenever feasible. For facilities wishing to transition from a manual to an electronic audit, it is imperative that they initially run simultaneous manual and e-audits to compare the results. In theory, the results from the manual and e-audit should be quite similar. If the results of one or more of the audit elements are significantly different, an investigation into the reason(s) for the difference needs to be undertaken.